Lecture 13 - T-cell differentiation and effector functions

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11 Terms

1
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What are the general characteristics of effector cells?

-Require costimulatory signals

-Communicate through cytokines

-Activated (antigen experienced) to perform specific functions

-Migrate to site of infection

2
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What are the five main classes of CD4 T-cells? What cytokines lead to differentiation?

  1. TH1 (IL-12, IFN-gamma)

  2. TH2 (IL-4)

  3. TH17 (IL-6, TGF-beta, IL-23)

  4. Treg (TGF-beta)

  5. TFH (IL-6, IL-21)

3
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What is the function of TH1 cells? What cytokines do they produce?

-Activate macrophages to protect against intracellular pathogens

-IL-2 and IFN-gamma

4
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What is the function of TH2 cells? What cytokines do they produce?

-Activate eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils for protection against parasites and allergies

-IL-4 and IL-5

5
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What is the function of TH17 cells? What cytokines do they produce?

-Activate neutrophils to protect against extracellular pathogens (mostly fungi)

-IL-17 and IL-22

6
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What is the function of Treg cells? What cytokines do they produce?

-Suppress self-reactive T-cells in the thymus

-TGF-beta, IL-10

7
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What is the function of TFH cells? What cytokines do they produce?

-Activate B-cells, allow for class switching, and increase antibody affinity

-IL-21

8
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What is the function of CD8 T-cells?

-Kill virus infected or tumor cells by binding to affected cells

-Secrete lytic granules and cytotoxins onto cell surface

9
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What are two ways that CD8 cells are activated?

  1. CD4 help with weak antigens (IL-2 from CD4 activates/clones CD8 cells)

  2. CD8 makes IL-2 to undergo clonal expansion (strong antigen)

10
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What is the difference between naive T-cells and effector/memory cells?

-Naive T-cells need all three signals to become activated and differentiated

-Effector/memory T-cells only need signal 1 to become activated (TCR-MHC binding)

11
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What are the three types of CD8 T-cells? What cytokines do each produce? What are their functions?

  1. Tc1/CTL (IFN-gamma) - intracellular infections

  2. Tc2 (IL-4 and IL-5) - parasite infections

  3. Tc17 (IL-17A) - extracellular/fungal infections