CMD 418: Unit 1 - Gross Anatomy of the CNS

Three major vesicles of the embryonic brain

Prosencephalon (forebrain)

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

telencephalon includes

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system, lateral ventricles

mesencephalon includes

midbrain structures

mentencephalon includes

pons, cerebellum,

myelencephalon includes

medulla

premotor cortex

complex and skilled movements

regulates responsiveness of primary cortex

what structure houses the primary motor cortex?

pre central gyrus

Vesicles are demarcated by what three brain flexures

Midbrain

Pontine

Cervical

The 5 primary lobes in the cerebral cortex

Frontal

Parietal

Temporal

Occipital

The cerebral cortex contains which cortexes

Premotor

Prefrontal

Anterior Language

Premotor cortex

complex and skilled movements

regualtes responsiveness of primary motor cortex

prefrontal cortex

cognitive brain

personality, reasoning, thinking, executive decision

anterior language cortex

broca’s area

immediately rostral to PMC → controls jaw, lip, tongue, VF movement 

post central gyrus’ job is the

primary sensory cortex

superior parietal lobule

sensory integration, visual-spatial and construction tasks (putting things together)

inferior parietal lobule

dominant hemisphere

• language, reading, writing, calculation (mental math)

• angular and supramarginal gyri

the primary auditory cortex is located in the

Heschl’s gyrus

the planum temporale is for the

comprehension of spoken language

temporal lobe

hearing (auditon), memory, and smell (olfaction)

occipital lobe

primary visual cortex - visual perception

seconday visual cortex - visual recognition

limbic lobe wraps around the

corpus collosum

the limbic lobe function

regulate emotion to visceral and vegetative functions (feeding, fleeing, fighting, mating)

values and decisions about perceptions and feelings

Basal ganglia, thalamus, and hypothalamus are located in the

subcortical cortex

basal ganglia function

regulation of motor cortical output (movement) and muscle tone

cognitive functions with projections to prefrontal lobe 

diencephalon structures 

thalamus 

hypothalamus 

thalamus has connections from the cerebral cortex to

brainstem

thalamus is important for

sensorimotor functions - speech, language, hearing

the thalamus is also known as the

relay station - for sensory motor systems to send info to cortex

hypothalamus

autonomic nervous system - body temp, blood volume, circadian rhythm

the brainstem includes the

midbrain, pons, medulla

the brainstem connects the ___ to the spinal cord

diencephalon

peripheral nerves

contain axons that leave CNS

peripheral nerves contain

cranial and spinal nerves

pons contain

descending motor fibers

ascending sensory fibers 

medulla function

modulation of sensorimotor and cranial nerve function and regulation of vital centers (cardiac, swallowing, respiratory)

cranial nerves cross at the

medulla

the brainstem is keeping us alive through the medulla (T/F)

true

Cerebellum function

maintenance of equilibrium

modification of cortical motor functions

coordination of skilled motor activity with inputs from basal ganglia and cerebral cortex

dorsal horns contain

sensory nerve cells

ventral horns contain

motor nerve cells

insular lobe

deep to the Sylvian (lateral) fissure

language, reading, writing, calculation (mental math) is specifically located in the

angular and supramarginal gyri

pons function

send signals between the brain especially cerebellum and cerebrum

midbrain function

sensorimotor switchboard - visual and auditory reflexes, motor control, alertness