The Gilded Age

Anything in parenthesis is for your own knowledge not necessarily on test. :)

Homestead Act

-Government passes law

-160 acres for 10$ registration fee

-Must promise that you will farm it for 5 years

Pacific Railroad Act

Congress passed a law to give land and money to companies to build the Transcontinental Railroad.

Where did Transcontinental Railway meet?

Promontory Summit, Utah.

What immigrant labor made Transcontinental Railway possible?

Chinese Immigrants labor

(Very mistreated)

Irish immigrant labor

Dakota Uprising of 1862

*Important Date

-Native Americans attack settlers (leads to war)

-38 Chiefs & Warriors are executed

(Largest US execution ever)

Sand Creek Massacre

-U.S led massacre

-Led by Colonel John Chivington,

-Killed many Native Indian woman, & children

Black Hills and Reservation for the Sioux

-Government signs treaty letting Sioux use black hills

-Gold is discovered

-They are forced out

Custers Last Stand

-Custer’s unit is killed by Sioux warriors

-No survivors (In Custers Unit)

-Indian Victory

(U.S now pushes efforts to force all Natives onto reservations)

Assimilation

-Process of forcing Natives into American culture

(Forced to speak English, Cut Hair, Etc.)

Boarding Schools

-Native Americans were sent to boarding schools

Reason: To physically and mentally act as the whites (Americans)

Wounded Knee

Location: Wounded Knee, South Dakota.

-Last major conflict between U.S. Army and Native Americans.

-200-300 Native Americans killed.

Entrepreneur

A person who organizes & operates a business

Proprietorship

If you own a business

Partnership

A business owned by 2 or more parties

Corporations

A group authorized to act as a single entity, recognized by law.
Short: Employees working together under law

Andrew Carnegie

-Owner of multiple steel companies

(Used Vertical Integration/ Relied on his own supply)

Investment Capital

-Investing in many companies and getting money from when they improve.

(Carnegie Method)

Henry George

-Ran for mayor of NYC (Not republican nor democrat)

- Came Second

-Wrote Progress and Poverty. *Know what its about

(Something is wrong with economy, he came from nowhere to being famous)

J.P Morgan

Owned the biggest bank in all of America and shaped the economy of the gilded age

Monopoly

-When a company controls an entire Market with no competition

(Carnegie did this by lowering his prices, then the competitors lost customers and were forced to shut down, ending up with Carnegie buying them out) - you don’t need this just an example

John D. Rockefeller

-Oil Refiner

-Used Kickback method

Standard Oil Company

-A massive America oil producing transporting refining and marketing company

-Established by John D Rockefeller

Bribes

-Something of value given to influence someone’s actions (illegally)

-Occurred in private industries and government

(Examples: Tweed, Rockefeller)

Kickbacks

-Hidden money or benefits paid back to someone for providing for a business

(Rockefeller pays $5 for trains to take his oil, then Rockefeller threatens his oil will not be shipped unless he gets $1 back, they give him the $1 because they need his business.) - you don’t need to know this just an example

Henry Clay Frick

-Henry Clay Frick is top manager for Andrew Carnegie

-Lower wages and Kick union out

Homestead Steel Strike

-Henry Clay Frick lowers workers pay (cut by 20%)

-Workers went on strike

-Frick hires a private security force & brings new workers & 20 killed

Significance: The government sides with Carnegie 100% over the Union

What were typical working hours for factory workers?

12 hours a day

How many days per week?

6 days

What were three goals of labor unions?

-Safer working conditions

-Shorter hours

-Better Pay

What were trade unions?

-A union for each individual job based on what they do

(Carpenter Union, Farmer Union)

What were industrial unions?

All people are one union (they come as one to be stronger)

Who was Samuel Gompers

-Leader of labor unions

-Said unions should based on skill (carpenters unions/ steel union)

(Many against that)

Lockout

-Locked out business workers

-Management shutting down business (because of labor dispute)

Strike

-Workers not working for change

Tammany Hall

-Headquarters for the Democratic Party

Bill Tweed

-Leader of Tammany Hall in New York City

-Known for corruption

-Gave jobs to immigrants/workers to ensure democratic vote

-Imprisoned for stealing tax payers money

(Democrat)

Political Machine

-Network of politicians controlling elections.

-Uses patronage (jobs/favors) and vote manipulation.

-Often corrupt with bribery and fraud.

How did politicians use their office to enrich themselves?

-Took bribes for favors.

-Gave jobs to supporters for money or loyalty.

-Used their position to make money through deals.

Name two ways President Trump has enriched himself while in

office.

-Selling Crypto Currency to other nations

-Documentary made on Melania Trump

(Boeing 767 gifted by Qatar)

Panic of 1893
*Important Date

Panic of 1893

-Many banks out of business (bankruptcy)

-Many people with no job

-Collapse of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad

(Compared to great depression)

Mary Elizabeth Lease

-Biggest speaker/advocate for the populist movement (farmers)

-Told them to form a People’s party

(Knows about hard times)

(Famous corn quote)

Coxeys Army

-Response to the Panic of 1893

-A march on the nations capital from Ohio to Washington D.C

-Providing work to people with no jobs (Fixing roads)

What were key reforms proposed by the Populist Party?

-Silver as part of the currency

-Graduated income tax

-Asking the government to break up the monopolies

Why did socialite women of Newport, Rhode Island and New

York City snub Alva Vanderbilt? Why did they accept her

company again?

-She divorced her husband

-She got her daughter to marry aristocrat (He married for money)

The Gold Standard

-Government holds gold in reserve to back the value of paper money

-Used to ensure stability

-Less money in circulation (deflation policy)

(Helped big businesses)

Silver backed currency

-More money in circulation (inflation policy)

-Helped working class

William Jennings Bryan

-Gave famous cross of gold speech

-Wants to change things for working class

William McKinley

-Doesn’t want to change things for working class

Election of 1896

-William Jennings Bryan gives famous speech that doesnt let big businesses take control of people

-William McKinley won

Social Darwinism

-Applying Darwin’s science ideas to countries & nations

Survival of the fittest

-Idea that certain nations are at the top because they are the most fit