Cell Biology and Tissues – Practice Flashcards

Practice flashcards covering cell structure, membrane transport, mitosis, and tissues with emphasis on definitions and key concepts from the notes.

What are the four stages of mitosis?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (cytokinesis often listed separately)

What are the major components of the plasma membrane?

Phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Synthesis of rRNA and assembly of ribosomal subunits

What is passive transport?

Transport that does not require energy, including diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

What is active transport?

Transport that requires energy (ATP) to move substances against their gradient

What is diffusion?

Movement of particles from high to low concentration across a membrane or in general

What is osmosis?

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

What is vesicular transport?

Movement of substances into or out of the cell via vesicles (endocytosis and exocytosis)

What are endocytosis and exocytosis?

Endocytosis: taking substances into the cell; Exocytosis: releasing substances from the cell via vesicles

What is filtration in physiology?

Movement of water and solutes due to pressure, such as in the kidneys

What are the four basic tissue origins?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous tissues

What are the two main epithelial layering patterns?

Simple and Stratified

What epithelial shapes are used to classify tissues?

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, and Pseudostratified

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Exocrine glands release secretions onto surfaces; endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream

What are the three basic muscle types?

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

What are the coarse categories of connective tissue listed?

Areolar (loose), Adipose, Dense (Regular and Irregular)

What are the three cartilage types?

Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Elastic

What are the serous, mucous, cutaneous, and synovial membranes?

Different membrane types lining cavities or covering surfaces; serous, mucous, cutaneous (skin), synovial membranes

What are fascia and organ coverings?

Fascia is a connective tissue layer covering organs and muscles; organ coverings include fascia and meninges

What are neurons and neuroglia?

Neurons transmit nerve impulses; neuroglia are supportive cells in nervous tissue

What is metastasis?

Spread of cancer from one part of the body to another

What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Benign tumors are non-cancerous; malignant tumors are cancerous and can invade/metastasize