APUSH Heimler Study Guide

Native American Societies

Culturally diverse groups with varying customs and economies, ranging from nomadic tribes to complex urban societies like the Mississippians and Iroquois.

Matrilineal

Societies where lineage and inheritance are traced through the mother's side.

Colombian Exchange

The transfer of diseases, plants, animals, and people between the Old and New Worlds, significantly affecting both regions.

Mercantilism

An economic system focusing on exports exceeding imports, aiming to enrich the mother country.

Encomienda System

A system where Spanish conquistadors were granted land and forced indigenous people into labor in exchange for protection and Christianity.

Caste System

A social hierarchy imposed by Spanish conquistadors in the New World, based on racial ancestry.

Great Basin/Plains

Region where Native Americans lived nomadically, primarily engaged in hunting and gathering.

Pueblo Revolt

An uprising of Pueblo people against Spanish colonizers in 1680, initially forced Spanish out but later led to reconciliations.

Transatlantic Trade

The trade route between New England, Africa, and the West Indies, involving rum, slaves, and sugar.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement in the early 19th century focusing on personal salvation and societal reforms.

Brown v. Board of Education

A landmark Supreme Court case in 1954 that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Manifest Destiny

The 19th-century belief that American expansion across the continent was justified and inevitable.

Civil Rights Movement

A struggle for social and political rights for African Americans, emphasizing the end of racial segregation and discrimination during the 1950s and 1960s.

Anti-Imperialist League

A group formed to oppose the annexation of the Philippines and American imperialism.

New Deal

A series of programs and reforms initiated by FDR in response to the Great Depression aimed at economic recovery.

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance formed for collective defense against aggression.

Lend-Lease Policy

A program under which the U.S. provided military aid to foreign nations during World War II.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Congressional resolution that authorized military action in Vietnam following alleged attacks on U.S. ships.

Watergate Scandal

A political scandal involving President Nixon's administration's attempt to cover up its involvement in a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters.

Cesar Chavez

Civil rights leader who co-founded the National Farm Workers Association and advocated for the rights of migrant laborers.