rsrch mid terms wowwowo

research

systematic investigation of social and natural phenomena where results are aimed at contributing to general knowledge

body of science

research becomes scientific if it contributes to a -

scientific method

research becomes scientific if it follows the -

exploratory research

• new areas of inquiry

• scopes out the magnitude or extent of a particular phenomenon

• initial ideas

  • feasibility or understanding

• extensive study

descriptive research

• careful observations

  • must be based in scientific method

• what where and when

  • detailed documentation

explanatory research

• seeks explanation

• why and how

• explain observed phenomena

deductive reasoning

Quantitative

• stated facts or general principles ASSUMED to be true

• develop hypothesis

• based on tests

• more specific

• theoretical reasons

inductive reasoning

Qualitative

• observations of specific cases that seem relevant

• in-depth data collection

• identification of themes

• more general conclusions

• draws logical conclusions based on facts or observed experiences

• observed evidence

basic research

-aims at testing existing theories or generating new theories to advance knowledge or understanding

-aka theoretical research

-contributes by advancing knowledge

applied research

-uses knowledge acquired through research in order to contribute directly to the understanding or resolution of practical issues

-contributes to resolution

research design

blueprint for collection, processing measurement, and analysis of data

research methods

seeks to make careful observations and detailed documentation of a phenomenon of interest

research methodology

seeks to test the feasibility of undertaking a more extensive study regarding a particular phenomenon

introduction

background of the study and research questions

methodology

research method and research design

result

findings

discussions

conclusions and recomendations

introduction methodology results discussions

imrad format

data

any information that has been observed and collected to validate research findings and use as bases for drawing conclusions.

primary sources

observation, interview, questionnaire

secondary sources

literature, studies

primary data

raw firsthand information

participant observation

directly involved

nonparticipant observation

not involved in natural environment

Hawthorne effect

modifies an aspect in response to being observed

focus group discussion

intended to identify beliefs and opinions

indepth interview

one-on-one discussions designed to provide a detailed picture of an individual’ participant’s view about the area of interest

population

large collection of individuals with common characteristics that is the main focus of a scientific inquiry

sample size

subset of P being studied, represents the larger population

simple random

equal probability,

systematic random

1st item then nth

stratified random

the sample represents subgroup of data

cluster random

divide into clusters then select some clusters

convenience

collect from conveniently available

purposive

has characteristics

quota

non-random, pre-determined

snowball

referrals, rare-traits