Biochem Chapter 36 Lung and Regulation of Hydrogen Ion

CO2 dissolves in water to form _______ acid, which dissociates to release hydrogen ions

carbonic

Carbonic acid is a ______ acid

volatile

______ acid is removed by lung

______ acid is removed by kidney

volatile (carbonic)

nonvolatile

Low blood pH (acidemia) is generally associated with _____kalemia, and high blood pH (alkalemia) is associated with _____kalemia

hyper, hypo

Surfactant decreases the surface ______ of the alveoli.

tension

What is the dominant driver in hypoxic drive

Oxygen

CO2 in normal state

Shunt vs Physiological dead space

Shunt: There is perfusion but no ventilation

Physiological dead space: Ventilation adequate but no perfusion

Erythrocytes transport CO2 to the lungs in a “fixed” form - as ______

bicarbonate

Chloride Shift

Bicarbonate move out of erythrocyte into plasma

Chloride move in

Haldane Effect

Higher PO2 promote release of CO2 from hemoglobin

Proximal tubule ______ bicarbonate

Distal tubule ______ bicarbonate

reabsorb

generate new

Ammonia is generated in a reaction catalyzed by _______

glutaminase

If the primary cause is the change in PCO2, acidosis or alkalosis is called _______, and if it is bicarbonate concentration, acidosis or alkalosis is called ______.

respiratory, metabolic

Type 1 vs Type 2 RTA (Renal Tubular Acidosis)

Type 1 Distal tubule impaired hydrogen ion excretion

Type 2 Proximal impaired reabsorption of bicarbonate

Proximal RTA is usually accompanied by other defects in proximal transport mechanisms; this is known as the ______ syndrome.

Fanconi