ethics chapter 1-3

need to add chapter 4-5

ethical issues

difficult social or policy questions that include controversy over the “right” thing to do

ethical dilemmas

situations here its difficult to decide, either because the right course of action is not clear because the right course of action has some negative consequences

discretion

the authority to make a decision between 2 or more choices

morals

principles of right and wrong

ethics

the discipline of determining good and evil and defining moral duties

ethical systems

provide answers to questions of why something is right or wrong

6 pillars of character?

trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring, citizenship

natural law

ethical system that holds that there are universal set of right and wrongs—principles of morals/rights are inherent in nature—what is good is what is natural, vice versa

religious ethics

ethical systems that is based on religious beliefs of good and evil,+

ethical formalism

created by kant, focuses on duty, only thing that is good is good will

deontological ethical system

concerned solely with the inherent nature of the act being judged

-if an action is dome from a good will, it can be considered a moral action even if it results in a consequence

hypothetical imperatives

commands that designate certain actions to attain certain ends

-if then statements

categorial imperative

commands action that is necessary without any reference to intended purposes

-concept that some things just must be, with no need for further investigation

utilitarianism

ethical system that claims that the greatest good is that which results in the greatest happiness for the greatest number

telelogical ethical system

considers the consequences or ends of an action in order to determine its goodness

utalitarianism act

determines goodness of a particular act by measuring the utility(good) for all, but only for that specific act and without regard for future actions

utilitarianism rule

determines goodness of an action by measuring the utility of that action when its made into a rule for behavior

ethics of care

ethical systems that defines good as meeting the needs of others and preserving relationships

moral pluralism

concept that there are fundamental truths that may dictate different definitions of what is moral in different situations

fairness

the condition of being impartial, the allocation of equal shares or equal opportunities

equality

the same value, rights, or treatment between all in specific group

impartiality

not favoring one party or intrest more than another

justice

quality of being impartial, fair, and just

justice origin

concept of everything staying in its assigned place/natural role—originated in greek word “dike”

distributive justice

concerns what measurement should be used to spend societies resources like economic goods, opportunities for development, recognition

what 3 things are being used for distributive justice?

-economic opportunities(income/poverty)

-opportunities for development(education/citizenship)

-recognition(honor/status)

corrective justice

concerns occurrences of unfair advantages or unjust enrichment, and what the appropriate remedy might be to right the wrong

substantive justice

concerns that deserts or what is fair and equitable ( the appropriate amount of punishment is fair for murder)

procedural justice

component of justice that concerns the steps taken to reach a determination of guilt, punishment or other conclusions of law

retributive justice

component of justice that concerned the determination and methods of punishment—concept is one of balance

utilitarian justice

only supports punishment that benefits society

hedonistic calculus

concerned with measuring the potential rewards of the crime so the amount of threatened pain could set to deter people from committing a crime

civil disobedience

voluntarily breaking established las based on ones moral beliefs