Liberalism and Constructivism in International Relations

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding Liberalism and Constructivism in International Relations, focusing on theoretical frameworks, critiques, and implications for state behavior.

Liberal Order 1.0

First envisioned through Wilsonian interwar idealism.

Liberal Order 2.0

Re-emerges during the Cold War, characterized by US-led liberal internationalism.

Liberal Order 3.0

Requires revision, unfolded by US dominance in the post-Cold War era and challenged by rising powers.

Liberal International Order

A US-supported framework after WWII characterized by international trade openness, multilateralism, democratic solidarity, and facilitation by international institutions.

Critique of Cooperation

Cooperation among states does not occur unless states desire it, and it is often hindered by diverging interests.

Absolute vs. Relative Gains

The debate among realists whether cooperation aims to maximize one's own gains or to prevent others from surpassing them.

Liberalism's Dynamic Theory

Expresses that preferences of states can change over time, influenced by economic, political, and social changes.

Constructivism

A social theory arguing that key concepts and state identities are socially constructed and shaped by interactions.

Anarchy in Constructivism

Describes the view that 'anarchy is what states make of it,' emphasizing that perceptions shape the meaning of anarchy.

Norms in Constructivism

Collective understandings that help form identities and shape state behavior; emerge and evolve through interaction.

Inter-subjective Practices

Interactions between states that lead to the formation of identities and influence how states perceive their interests.

Identity in Constructivism

Concept central to how states define themselves in relation to others, which can shift based on interactions.

Constructivism's Critique of Realism

Constructivism argues that identities and interests are not fixed, unlike realists' assumptions about state behavior.

Major Powers and Liberal Order

Challenge the US-led liberal international order for reasons linked to status and identity, not just power dynamics.

Global Norms

Shared principles that shape international conduct, such as the prohibition of aggression and crimes against humanity.

Example of Norm Cascade

The global adoption of norms such as democratic elections or banning of land mines due to collective pressures.

Power vs. Norms

Constructivists believe social structures and norms are as significant as material power in international relations.

Constitution of International Community

The ongoing development of a cooperative international system based on shared norms and collective security.

Social Construction of Reality

The idea that the meanings and structures of international relations are created through social interactions.