[PCOL] Part 5.1 - Central Nervous System Drugs - Central Neurotransmitters, CNS Stimulants, Sedative Hypnotics

c. Neurotransmitter

Chemicals that take a nerve signal across the synaptic gap between a sending neuron, and a receiving one.

a. Hormones

b. Ganglions

c. Neurotransmitter

d. Neuron transporter

a. I, II, III, IV, V

Excitatory neurotransmitter.

I. Depolarization

II. Positively charge

III. Na+ channel opening

IV. Stimulation

V. Contraction

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. I, II, III

c. II, III, IV

d. I, II, III, IV

e. II, III, IV, V

a. I, II, III, IV, V

Inhibitory neurotransmitter.

I. Hyperpolarization

II. Negatively charge

III. Cl- channel opening

IV. Depression

V. Relaxation

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. I, II, III

c. II, III, IV

d. I, II, III, IV

e. II, III, IV, V

f. Glycine

Excitatory neurotransmitter except:

a. Ach

b. NE

c. EPI

d. Glutamate

e. 5-HT

f. Glycine

d. Glutamate

Major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

a. Ach

b. NE

c. EPI

d. Glutamate

e. 5-HT

d. a and b

Inhibitory neurotransmitters.

a. GABA

b. Glycine

c. EPI

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. GABA

Major inhibitory transmitter in the brain.

a. GABA

b. Glycine

c. 5HT

d. Dopamine

b. Glycine

Major inhibitory transmitter in the spinal cord.

a. GABA

b. Glycine

c. 5HT

d. Dopamine

d. Dopamine

Neurotransmitter that has both stimulatory and inhibitory action.

a. GABA

b. Glycine

c. 5HT

d. Dopamine

e. None

CNS stimulants effect except:

a. Arousal effect

b. Awake

c. Driven

d. Mental focus

e. None

f. All

CNS stimulants classifications.

a. Psychomotor stimulants

b. Convulsants and respiratory stimulants

c. Psychotomimetic stimulants

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Psychomotor stimulants

CNS stimulants with sympathomimetic effects.

a. Psychomotor stimulants

b. Convulsants and respiratory stimulants

c. Psychotomimetic stimulants

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

c. Psychotomimetic stimulants

CNS stimulants with hallucinogenic effects.

a. Psychomotor stimulants

b. Convulsants and respiratory stimulants

c. Psychotomimetic stimulants

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

e. Nikethamide - this is CONVULSANTS AND RESPIRATORY STIMULANTS

Psychomotor stimulants except:

a. Methylxanthines

b. Cocaine

c. Nicotine

d. Methylphenidate

e. Nikethamide

f. None

f. All

Methylxanthines.

a. Inhibit Phosphodiesterase

b. Increase Ca2+ permeability

c. Block adenosine receptor through reticular formation

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

e. None

Methylxanthines effects except:

a. Decrease fatigue and increase mental awareness, anxiety, and tremors

b. Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects

c. Diuresis acting in the PCT

d. Secretion of HCl from the gastric mucosa

e. None

f. All

Caffeine

a. Combined with aspirin

b. Combined with paracetamol

c. Enhance analgesia

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

b. Paracetamol + Caffeine

Saridon

Rexidol

a. Aspirin + Caffeine

b. Paracetamol + Caffeine

c. Mefenamic acid + Caffeine

b. Theophylline

Methylxanthine indicated for bronchial asthma.

a. Caffeine

b. Theophylline

c. Theobromine

d. All

d. a and b

LSD is psychotomimetic drug.

Convulsants and respiratory stimulants.

a. Doxapram

b. Nikethamide

c. LSD

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Psychotomimetic stimulants.

a. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

b. Phencyclidine (PCP)

c. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

I. Interacts with several 5-HT receptors in the brain

II. Hallucinations with brilliant colors and mood alteration

III. Long lasting psychosis

a. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

b. Phencyclidine (PCP)

c. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

b. Phencyclidine (PCP)

I. Angel dust

II. Inhibits reuptake of DA, 5-HT and NE

III. Analog of Ketamine that produces dissociative anesthesia

a. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

b. Phencyclidine (PCP)

c. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

c. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

I. Main alkaloid in Marijuana

II. Produces euphoria followed by drowsiness and relaxation

III. MOA is unknown.

a. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

b. Phencyclidine (PCP)

c. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

f. All

Sedative-hypnotics.

a. Induce sedation at low dose

b. Induce hypnosis or sleep at high dose

c. Drugs for anxiety disorders

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. None

Sedative-hypnotics uses except:

a. Calming effect

b. Induction of sleep

c. Hypnosis

d. Anxiolytics

e. All

f. None

a. I, II, III, IV, V

Sedative-hypnotics agents

I. Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates

II. Orexin Antagonist

III. Melatonin Antagonist

IV. Zolpidem, Zaleplon, Eszopiclone

V. Buspirone

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. I, II, III, IV

c. II, III, IV, V

d. I, II, III

e. III, IV, V

d. I, II, III, IV

Benzodiazepines.

I. Induce hyperpolarization

II. GABAergics

III. Increase frequency of Cl- channel opening

IV. Include the -zolam, -zepam, -zep-

a. I, II,

b. I, II, IV

c. II, III, IV

d. I, II, III, IV

a. Lorazepam - this is intermediate acting

Short acting (2-8 hours) benzodiazepines except:

a. Lorazepam

b. Oxazepam

c. Midazolam

d. Triazolam

e. None

e. None

Intermediate acting (10-20 hours) benzodiazepines except:

a. Lorazepam

b. Alprazolam

c. Temazepam

d. Estazolam

e. None

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

Long acting benzodiazepines.

I. Chlordiazepoxide

II. Chlorazepate

III. Diazepam

IV. Flurazepam

V. Quazepam

VI. Nordazepam

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

b. I, II, III,

c. IV, V, VI

d. I, II, III, IV, V

e. II, III, IV, V, VI

f. All

Nordazepam is active metabolite of

a. Diazepam

b. Chlordiazepoxide

c. Chlorazepate

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

d. I, II, III, IV

Barbiturates.

I. Induce hyperpolarization

II. GABAergics

III. Increase duration of Cl- channel opening

IV. Include the -barbital, -bital, -tal

a. I, II,

b. I, II, IV

c. II, III, IV

d. I, II, III, IV

d. VIII

Ultrashort-acting barbiturates.

I. Phenobarbital

II. Barbital

III. Amobarbital

IV. Butabarbital

V. Pentobarbital

VI. Hexobarbital

VII. Secobarbital

VIII. Thiopental

a. I, II

b. III, IV

c. V, VI, VIII

d. VIII

e. I, VIII

c. V, VI, VII

Short-acting barbiturates.

I. Phenobarbital

II. Barbital

III. Amobarbital

IV. Butabarbital

V. Pentobarbital

VI. Hexobarbital

VII. Secobarbital

VIII. Thiopental

a. I, II

b. III, IV

c. V, VI, VII

d. VIII

e. I, VIII

b. III, IV

Intermediate-acting barbiturates.

I. Phenobarbital

II. Barbital

III. Amobarbital

IV. Butabarbital

V. Pentobarbital

VI. Hexobarbital

VII. Secobarbital

VIII. Thiopental

a. I, II

b. III, IV

c. V, VI, VIII

d. VIII

e. I, VIII

a. I, II

Long-acting barbiturates.

I. Phenobarbital

II. Barbital

III. Amobarbital

IV. Butabarbital

V. Pentobarbital

VI. Hexobarbital

VII. Secobarbital

VIII. Thiopental

a. I, II

b. III, IV

c. V, VI, VIII

d. VIII

e. I, VIIIP

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

Pharmacological effects of benzodiazepines and barbiturates except:

I. Sedation with anterograde amnesia effect

II. Hypnosis at high doses which can affect the sleep-wake cycle

III. Anesthesia for the attainment of stage III of general ansthesia

IV. Anticonvulsant

V. Muscle relaxation

VI. Respiratory depression

VII. Depression in myocardial contractility and vascular tone

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

b. I, II, III, IV, V,

c. III, IV, V, VI, VII

d. I, II, III, IV,

e. IV, V, VI, VII

f. All

Oxerin antagonist.

a. Sleep enabling agents

b. Almorexant

c. Suvorexant

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

b. Flumazenil

Antidote for benzodiazepine toxicity.

a. Barbiturates

b. Flumazenil

c. Protamine sulfate

d. Leucovorin

e. Methadone

d. a and b

Melatonin antagonists

a. Ramelteon

b. Tasimelteon

c. Buspirone

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Non-BZD GABAergics which increase the frequency of Cl- channel opening.

a. Zolpidem

b. Zaleplon

c. Eszopiclone

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. Buspirone

Partial 5HT1A agonist.

a. Zolpidem

b. Zaleplon

c. Eszopiclone

d. Ramelteon

e. Tasimelteon

f. Buspirone