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The Peace of Augsburg recognized that ________.
the ruler of a land would determine the religion of the land
The most successful politique was ________.
Elizabeth I of England
Who did John Knox target in his work First Blast of the Trumpet against the Terrible Regiment of Women?
Mary I of England
Who were the three powerful families that sought the French monarchy after the death of king Henry II?
The Bourbons, the Montmorency-Chatillons, and the Guises
The ruler of Spain for most of the later 1500s was _________.
Philip II
What is William of Orange known for?
He led the movement for the independence of the Netherlands from Spain.
Hostilities between Spain and England reached a climax in 1588 when ________.
the Spanish Armada was sent to invade England
What was the reaction from Europe when the Turks invaded Austria?
The Spanish under Philip II allied with Venice, Genoa, and the pope to defend Europe against the Turks.
Who was deposed after only a few days on the throne as Edward VI's chosen successor in England?
Lady Jane Grey
Queen Elizabeth I was cautious and firm with groups such as the ________ ensuring that nothing lessened the hierarchical unity of the Church of England.
Puritans
The Thirty Years' War began as a(n) ________.
revolt of Bohemian Protestant nobility against an unpopular king
One of the first actions Ferdinand took as king of Bohemia was to ________.
revoke the religious freedoms of the Bohemian Protestants
By 1600, the population of the Holy Roman Empire was about ________.
equally divided between Catholics and Protestants
The Treaty of Westphalia finally granted Calvinists _________.
legal recognition
What did Mary I of England, Philip II of Spain, and Oliver Cromwell all have in common?
They all sacrificed their political goals by refusing to compromise on religion.
The Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis ended the ________.
Habsburg-Valois wars
Catherine de Médicis convinced the king to execute the Protestant leaders in the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre because she claimed that _______.
a Protestant coup was afoot, and that he must save the crown from an attack on Paris
The French monarchy was hostile towards Protestants until ________.
Henry of Navarre came to power
What event elevated the conflict between Huguenots and the French monarchy into an international issue?
the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre
King Henry IV stunned France, Spain, and the pope by ________.
publicly abandoning the Protestant faith and embracing Catholicism
What event caused the Protestants and the Catholics of the Netherlands to unite against a common enemy, the Spaniards?
the Spanish Fury
How did Philip make an example of the Protestant rebels after the Calvinist riots in the Netherlands?
He sent the Duke of Alba to suppress the revolt, which ended in the execution of thousands of suspected heretics.
What agreement did the Dutch Catholics and Protestants come to after the atrocity of the Spanish Fury?
the Pacification of Ghent
How did Spain come to control Portugal's overseas empire in Africa, Brazil, and India?
Philip II inherited the throne of Portugal.
Following the weakening of Spain, which nation dominated Europe in the early seventeenth century?
France
How did Elizabeth I direct a common method of worship throughout her kingdom?
She issued the Act of Uniformity, which mandated that every parish in England receive a revised version of the second Book of Common Prayer.
What substantial changes occurred when Elizabeth I took the throne following Mary I of England?
Elizabeth reversed Mary's harsh restrictions against Protestants in favor of religious tolerance.
How did Elizabeth I treat her cousin Mary, Queen of Scots?
Elizabeth kept Mary under house arrest for nineteen years and then had her executed for treason.
The Thirty Years' War broke out first in ________.
Bohemia
At the end of the third phase of the Thirty Years' War, Ferdinand issued the Edict of Restitution and struck panic in the hearts of Protestants ________.
everywhere
What was the effect of the Edict of Restitution in 1629?
Gustavus Adolphus II of Sweden reacted to the edict by beginning the third phase of the Thirty Years' War.
How was the Peace of Augsburg like the Treaty of Westphalia?
Both agreements established that the ruler of a land may determine the official religion of that land.
Which of the following statements most accurately explains the impact that the fourth period of the Thirty Years' War, the Swedish-French period, had on Germany?
During the fourth period of the war, French, Swedish, and Spanish soldiers looted all of Germany, killing an estimated one-third of its population
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