pharmacology 2 (File Gaps)

The clinical efficacy of cefepime is based on the percentage of time that the drug concentration remains_________

above the MIC

Chloramphenicol can cause toxic effects in newborns due to poorly developed_____________

renal and hepatic elimination processes

Penicillin G, tobramycin, and vancomycin are primarily eliminated by ___________

the kidneys

Aspirin is a direct, irreversible inhibitor of______________

COX enzymes

Drug interactions have occurred with clarithromycin through its ability to inhibit__________

CYP 450

Azithromycin has a half-life of more than 70 h, which allows for________dosing

once-daily

Fluoroquinolones are not recommended for use in pregnancy or for children younger than 10 years because they may damage___________

growing cartilage

Monitoring plasma drug levels is important when_______antibiotics are used.

aminoglycosides

Transdermal nitroglycerin can sustain blood levels for as long as__________

24 hours

Nitroglycerin can cause a reflex tachycardia because of its ___________ properties.

vasodilating

The most common serious adverse effect of the fibrinolytics is ________ ,especially in the cerebral circulation

bleeding

Antiplatelet drugs _________ and________ have similar mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy

Ticlopidine clopidogrel

Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) does not ___________ and shows no teratogenic effects

cross the placenta

Aspirin exerts its antiplatelet effect through irreversible inhibition of ______ and _________

COX-1 COX-2

ACE inhibitors and ARBs are contraindicated in pregnant women, because they have been shown to be_______

teratogenic

Postural (orthostatic) hypotension is usually due to venous pooling, which normally can be by________receptor activation.

α-adrenoreceptor

Chronic, intolerable cough is an important adverse effect of________

ACE inhibitors

Beta blockers do not cause ________ hypotension

orthostatic

Diltiazem, as well as nifedipine and verapamil, act as vasodilators by reducing calcium influx via

L-type channels

African American patients with hypertension respond poorly to_______ and _______

β-blockers , ACE inhibitors