Photosynthesis Flashcards

Flashcards about Photosynthesis

__ is the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water using sunlight.

The process by which plants use sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

Glucose is converted to __, which releases ATP

Converts glucose into pyruvate, releasing ATP through cellular respiration.

__ is associated with the action of chlorophyll.

The conversion of usable sunlight energy into chemical energy.

All photosynthetic organisms have __.

Chlorophyll a.

Accessory pigments __.

Absorb energy that chlorophyll a does not absorb.

Chlorophyll a absorbs energy from __.

Violet-blue and reddish orange-red wavelengths.

All chlorophylls have __.

A lipid-soluble hydrocarbon tail and a flat hydrophilic head with a magnesium ion at its center.

Water enters the root and is transported up to the leaves through __.

Xylem vessels.

Land plants have evolved specialized structures known as __ to allow gas to enter and leave the leaf.

Stomata.

The __ is the structural unit of photosynthesis.

Thylakoid.

Thylakoids are stacked like pancakes in stacks known collectively as __.

Grana.

The areas between grana are referred to as __.

Stroma.

When chlorophyll a absorbs light energy, __.

An electron gains energy and is 'excited'.

Photosynthesis involves condensation reactions and __.

Oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions involving electron transfer.

Light-dependent reactions occur in the __.

Grana.

Light-independent reactions occur in the __.

Stroma.

When light energy is absorbed by a chlorophyll molecule, its electrons move to higher energy levels in the molecule. This is called __.

Photoexcitation.

The energy to drive electron transfer processes comes from two photosystems: __.

Photosystem II (PSII) (P680) and Photosystem I (PSI) (P700).

In whole chloroplasts each chlorophyll molecule is associated with __.

An electron acceptor and an electron donor.

In non-cyclic phosphorylation __.

ATP and NADPH are produced.

In chemiosmosis, __.

Electrons passing through the transport chain provide energy to pump H+ ions from the stroma, across the thylakoid membrane into the thylakoid compartment.

Cyclic phosphorylation involves only __.

Photosystem I.

The incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds is known as __.

Carbon fixation.

The main factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis are __.

Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature.