Exam 1 Kin 312

anterior longitudinal ligament

What is the part labeled red?

posterior longitudinal ligament

What is the part labeled purple?

ligamenta flava ligament

What is the part labeled blue?

interspinous ligament

What is the part labeled green?

supraspinous ligament

What is the part labeled yellow?

nuchal ligament

Helps to stabilize head and allows shoulders and head to be more independent. Allows improved balance during running

Spondylolysis

All degenerative conditions affecting the: Disks, Vertebral bodies, Associated joints of the lumbar spine

spondylolisthesis

forward slipping of one vertebra over another ( L4 & L5 or L5 & S1)

nucleus pulposus

the soft, fibrocartilaginous, central portion of intervertebral disk

anulus fibrosus

outer collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage

vertebral foramen

canal through which spinal cord passes

lumbar vertebrae

thoracic vertebrae

cervical vertebrae

True ribs (1-7)

have a direct attachment to the sternum via cartilage

Ipsilateral

on the same side of the body

Contralateral

on the opposite side of the body

Saggital

divides body into left and right

Frontal

transverse plane

flexion of arm

what is this motion

Dorsiflexion

bending of the foot or the toes upward

plantar flexion

bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground

anterior tilt of pelvis

What is this?

posterior tilt of pelvis

What is this?

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

Ulnar flexion (ulnar deviation)

adduction movement at wrist of little finger side of hand toward forearm

Radial flexion (radial deviation)

abduction movement at the wrist of thumb side of hand toward the forearm

finger adduction

What is this?

Foot Inversion

What is this?

foot eversion

What is this?

lateral flexion of trunk

What is this?

scapular plane

In line with the normal resting position of the scapula as it lies on the posterior rib cage; movements in the scapular plane are in line with the scapular, which is at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees from the frontal plane

Pronation of the foot

A combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction

Supination of the foot

A combination of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction

thumb opposition

What is this?

thumb extension

What is this?

thumb flexion

What is this?

Circumduction

What is this?

movement, posture, glycogen storage, generate body heat, controls entry and exits

Skeletal muscle functions

Insertion

what do you call the moving part of the muscle

Orgin

attachment to immovable bone

Tendons

Connect muscle to bone

Ligaments

Connect bone to bone

musculotendinous unit

The group formed by a muscle and its tendons

motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates

Define a motor unit

history, observation, palpation, special tests

H. O. P. S. ??

Active ROM

Is movement initiated and completed by the athlete without assistance.

Passive ROM

Range of Motion in which the resident is unable to assist with movement

Resisted ROM

evaluator applies resistance to the motion

Weak or painful active ROM

Muscle that is contracting concentrically is injured

weak contraction

Nerve innervating a muscle, which produces the movement, is injured. This would be observed as a ?

long bones

bones of the arms and legs

sesmoid bones

special types of short bones formed in tendons, ex: patellas

Epiphysis

End of a long bone

Diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

trabeculae

supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone

ephiphyseal plate

forms between two ossification centers

band of hyaline cartilage

fuse together and growth stops when adult

osteogenic cells

stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts

Osteoblasts

bone forming cells

Osteoclasts

bone resorption cells

Osteocytes

mature bone cells

Osteoprorosis

the inability of the human body to absorb calcium, bone density decreases

Fibrocartilage

cartilage that contains fibrous bundles of collagen, such as that of the intervertebral disks in the spinal cord.

collagen, elastin , and reticulin

What are ligaments made of

Diarthrodial (synovial) joints

freely movable joint

Amphiarthrodial (cartilaginous) joints

slightly mobile, cartilage forms union between two joints

synarthrodial (fibrous) joints

-immobile

-bound by fibrous ligaments

-sutures, located between bones of the skull joints

Bursae

flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid

hinge joint

Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane

pivot joint

rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between radius/ulna and humerus

congyloid joint

Joint with two degrees of freedom (femur tibia)