body planes/ movements

Sagittal plane

any longitudinal plane that divides the body into left and right parts

Midsagittal plane

midline sagittal plane that divides body into equal right and left parts

Coronal plane

any longitudinal plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Midcoronal plane

divides the body into approximately equal anterior and posterior parts

Horizontal/axial plane

transverse plane that passes at right angles to a longitudinal plane, divides body into inferior and superior portions

Oblique plane

any transverse plane at an angle, not parallel to the sagittal, coronal, or horizontal plane

Longitudinal sections

sagittal, coronal, and oblique -Run lengthwise in the direction of the long axis of the body

Transverse/axial sections

(cross sections) at right angles from longitudinal plane

Posterior or dorsal

back half of the patient

Anterior or ventral

front half of patient

Palmar

refers to palm of hand, same as anterior or ventral surface of hand

Dorsal

top or anterior portion of foot, back or posterior part of hand

Plantar

soles or posterior portion of foot

Medial

toward the center

Lateral

away from the center

Proximal

near the source or beginning

Distal

away from source or beginning

Cephalad/Cephalic

x-ray tube angled towards the head-superior

Caudad/Caudal

x-ray tube angled away from the head-inferior

Interior

inside or nearer the center

Exterior

on or near the outside

Superficial

nearer the skin surface

Deep

further away from the skin surface

Ipsilateral

on the same side of the body or part

Contralateral

on the opposite side

Flexion

decreases the angle of a joint

Extension

increases the angle of a joint

Hyperextension

extending a joint beyond straight/neutral position

Ulnar deviation

turn or bend wrist from the neutral position toward the ulnar side

Radial deviation

turn wrist toward radial side of arm

Dorsiflexion of foot

decreases the angle between the top of foot and the lower leg-moving toes upward

Plantar flexion of foot

moving foot & toes downward

Medial rotation

turning the anterior surface of the part toward the midline

Lateral rotation

turning the anterior body part away from the midline

Abduction

lateral movement of the arm or leg away from the body

Adduction

movement of arm or leg toward the body

Supination

movement of hand into anatomic position, palm up or forward

Pronation

rotation of hand into opposite of anatomic position, palm down or backward

Elevation

lifting a part superiorly

Depression

lowering part inferiorly

Circumduction

move around in form of circle

Rotation

turn a part on its axis

Tilt

slanting or tilting from the long axis