Classification and Healing of Sports Injuries: Types, Phases, and Treatments

What are the five categories used to classify sports injuries?

Direct injuries, Indirect injuries, Overuse injuries, Soft tissue injuries, Hard tissue injuries.

What is the definition of direct injuries in sports?

Injuries that happen when an external force is applied from outside to the body.

What are the four types of external violence that can cause direct injuries?

Human (body contact), Implemental (equipment), Vehicular (providing motion), Environmental (immovable object).

What are indirect injuries and how do they occur?

Injuries that happen when internal forces occur within the body, categorized as acute or chronic.

What are examples of acute injuries?

Hamstring tear, tendon rupture, sprained ligament.

What causes overuse injuries?

Continuous stress or incorrect use of a body part over time.

List some common overuse injuries.

Tennis elbow, golfer's elbow, shin splints.

What factors can lead to overuse injuries?

Overtraining, lack of flexibility, muscle imbalance, poor technique, inadequate recovery, and growth factors.

What are soft tissue injuries?

Injuries that occur in all soft parts of the body such as skin, fat, muscle, ligaments, and tendons.

What are some examples of soft tissue injuries?

Bruising, abrasions, tears, contusions, strains, and sprains.

What are hard tissue injuries?

Injuries that occur in bone tissue, such as fractures and dislocations.

What are the symptoms of hard tissue injuries?

Bruising and swelling, pain due to nerve damage, immobility of the affected area, and possible deformity.

What are the three phases of the healing process for injured tissue?

Inflammatory phase, proliferation phase, remodelling phase.

What happens during the inflammatory phase of healing?

Starts at injury and lasts up to 72 hours; involves capillary hemorrhage, clot formation, and inflammatory chemical release.

What occurs during the proliferation phase of healing?

Granulation tissue replaces the blood clot, providing blood supply and collagen for tissue repair.

What characterizes the remodelling phase of healing?

Collagen fibres continue to contract and re-orientate in the loading direction, maturing the injured site.

What is the difference between sprains and strains?

Sprains involve ligaments and occur at joints, while strains involve muscles or tendons.

What are the symptoms of a sprain?

Considerable pain and loss of function at the joint, similar to fracture or dislocation symptoms.

How should strains be treated?

With ice and compression to reduce pain and manage blood flow.

What role does cartilage play in joints?

Aids friction-free movement and provides shock absorption.

What happens when cartilage tears?

It can lead to pain, swelling, and joint locking; may require surgery for repair.

What is a dislocation?

When a bone is pulled or twisted out of alignment, causing severe pain and immobility.

What is a subluxation?

A partial dislocation where bones dislocate but quickly realign.

What is a contusion and how does it occur?

A bruise caused by muscle being crushed against bone, resulting in swelling and discoloration.

What are the two forms of contusions?

Intramuscular and intermuscular contusions.

What are fractures and how are they commonly caused?

Breaks in bone tissue usually caused by violent impacts, common in contact sports.

What is bursitis?

Inflammation of bursae sacs caused by trauma or friction to a joint.

What is tendonitis?

Inflammation of the tendon sheath caused by overuse and lack of strength, often treated with rest and ice.