Gen Med Test 1

ATRN 7560 - Dr. Stephens

What does HEENT stand for?

head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat

T/F: Pain level is considered a vital sign.

false

T/F: Pregnancy is a contraindication for x-rays.

true

What does bradycardia mean?

slow heart rate

What are three questions you would ask when conducting a history for a patient who is ill?

short answer question

What is the difference between a social history and a medical history?

short answer question

What information is typically sought when asking about a family history?

diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, kidney disease, cardiovasular disease, allergies, asthma, mental illness, addictions

Which of the following is a normal blood pressure?

120/80

During a routine medical examination, which sequence is most consistent with the recommended approach?

vital signs, cephalocaudal system review

An athletic trainer counts 18 radial pulses in 15s. What is the estimated HR?

18×4 = 72 beats/min

Which finding is considered bradycardia in the adult patient discussed in the slides?

<60 beats/min

Which method is considered the gold standard measurement of core temperature when exertional heat illness is suspected?

rectal temperature

During auscultation, which component of the stethoscope is best for hearing high-pitched sounds?

diaphragm

An athlete reports numbness, tingling, and progressive weakness in one upper extremity. Which examination component is particularly indicated?

neurological testing (includes dermatomes. myotomes, and deep tendon reflex)

Which statement best defines a dermatome?

• an area of skin supplied by one dorsal sensory nerve root

• a specific area of skin innervated by a dorsal or sensory nerve root

A patient demonstrates an exaggerated deep tendon reflex graded +3. This finding should raise concern for:

Upper motor neuron lesion

Which imaging sudy uses a magnetic field to align protons and is equally useful for soft-tissue and muscoloskeletal conditions?

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Which statement regarding computed tomography is most accurate?

It provides cross-sectional images, but exposes the patient to more radiation than standard radiographs.

A clinician suspects a deep vein thrombosis in a pregnant athlete. Which diagnostic study is most appropiate based on the slide content?

diagnostic ultrasound

Which study is designed to identify abnormal metabolic activity at the cellular level, sometimes before changes are apparent on CT or MRI?

PET scan

An electromyography study is primarily used to:

Record electrical activity within a muscle

A cardiac event monitor differs from a standard resting ECG because it:

is worn during activities of daily living for 24 hours to 1 month

During a cardiac stress test, which finding is a clear reason to stop the test?

near syncope

• all of the following are reasons to stop the testing:

  • patient desire to stop

  • signs of cyanosis or pallor

  • sustained ventricular tachycardia

  • patient dizziness

  • moderate to severe angina

  • hypertensive response

Which laboratory test can provide information about hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets?

complete blood count

A pulse oximeter reading of 92% should be interpreted as:

Mild hypoxia requiring clinical evaluation

• normal values are >95%

• values below 95% identify hypoxia

• values below 85% are critical

Which imaging study is particularly useful for identifying stress fractures because the tracer accumulates in areas of increased metabolic activity?

bone scan

Pharmacokinetics is the study of:

How the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and eliminates a drug

A drug’s half life is best defined as:

Time needed for blood or tissue drug levels to decrease by one-half

Which route of administration produces a systemic effect through absorption of medication from a skin patch?

transdermal

An athlete uses a prescribed insulin pen. This medication is commonly administered by which route?

subcutaneous

Which statement correctly distinguishes topical from transdermal medication administration?

Topical medications generally act locally, whereas transdermal medications are intended to produce systemic effects

Iontophoresis uses which method to intoduce medication into subcutaneous tissues?

Electrical current

Which federal agency registers health care practitioners who prescribe or dispense controlled substances?

Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

Which statement best describes a black box warning?

It is the strongest FDA-required warning regarding serious adverse events.

NSAIDs decrease pain, inflammation, and fever primarily by:

inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis

Which adverse effect should be a particular concern in an athlete using NSAIDs regularly?

gastrointestinal bleeding

Why should a local anesthetic combined with epinephrine generally be avoided in fingers, toes, ears, and the tip of the nose?

Vasoconstriction may compromise circulation in these areas

Which statement accurately differentiates between bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics?

Bactericidal drugs kill bacteria; bacteriostatic drugs inhibit further replication.

Which practice contributes most directly to antibiotic resistance?

Discontinuing therapy prematurely once symptoms improve

An athlete needs medication for exercise-induced bronchospasm. Which agent and effect are most consistent with the slides?

Albuterol; beta-adrenergic stimulation that widens bronchi and bronchioles

Which category of medication provides pain relief?

analgesic

Which category of medication is used to reduce fever?

antipyretic