Crime and deviance

post modern sociologists (3) and theories

• Faucault - Argues modern prisons are controlling behaviour through watching people and surveliance whereas historically it was through phyiscal punishment .

• Katz - Argues there is a pleasure in commiting crime , placed within a context of masculinity

• Lyng - Young males search for pleasure through ‘‘edgework’’ and believes there is a thrill gained by acting on the edge of security/danger

Functionalists (3) and theories

• Durkheim - 2 types of justice/punishment

  Retributive justice - revenge practiced in less advanced societies

  Restitutive justice - Restore things to how they were before the offence

  He argues that punishment was unfair/unjustified and retributive justice damaged society as a whole .

  Durkheim believes crime is functional and normal

• Merton - Crime is functional to societies shared goals , argued that all members of society hold the same values

Strain theory says crime occurs when individuals cannot legally achieve the goals of society. There are 5 reactions to strain, not all are criminal – conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion.

• Cohen - argues working class boys develop an alternate set of values in which status is awarded for different behaviours , therefore increasing their chances to commit crime .

New right theory (1)

Murray - argues some of underclass norms and values surround notations of dependency . Argues the entire underclass can be seen as a deviant subculture .

Name marxist (1) and theory

Bonger shared the same belief as Karl Marx and suggested that capitalism its self is greedy and selfish

Feminists (2) and theories

Caden - Working class women have been controlled through the promise of rewards

Heidensohn - Argues patriachal systems conrol women more effectively then men , making it harder for women to break law and suggests women are given less freedom and are given less control

1 interactionist and theory

Becker - labelling - self fulfilling prophecy