Media, globalisation, and popular culture

Cohen and Kennedy

Globalization increases cultural mixing but also creates conflicts over identity and cultural resistance.

Strinati

Media blurs the lines between high and popular culture

Ritzer

“McDonaldisation” is the standardisation extending from fast food to wider society and culture.

Jenkins

Audiences actively engage, create, and share media content rather than being passive consumers.

Lechner and Boli

Globalization is a process involving economic, political, and cultural integration on a global scale.

Flew

The evolution of new media technologies has played an important role in developing a global culture

Fenton

Media globalization often reflects Western dominance and can marginalize local cultures.

Storey

Popular culture is at a struggle where meanings and identities are tested

Frankfurt School

Mass media manipulates people into passivity by promoting capitalist ideology through entertainment.

Held et al

Globalization intensifies interconnectedness whilst creating global inequalities and challenges state power.

Barber’s concept of “Jihad vs. McWorld”?

The conflict between globalizing capitalist culture (McWorld) and local tribal or religious identities (Jihad).

Folk culture

Traditional customs passed down through generations, often rural and local.

High culture

Cultural products and activities seen as elite or superior, like classical music, often associated with the upper class.

Low culture

Cultural products considered less sophisticated or inferior, often linked with working-class tastes or mass entertainment.

Mass culture

Culture produced for mass consumption via mass media, often criticized as standardized and commercialized.

Popular culture

Cultural products widely consumed by many people, like music, TV, fashion, and social media trends.

Global culture

Shared cultural elements that transcend national borders, influenced by globalization and mediated by global media.