AP Psych Unit 3
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17 Terms
Nature v. Nurture
The debate about how much genetic (nature) or environmental factors (nurture) determine the characteristics of an individual
Stability v. Change
The debate about how much the traits and characteristics of a person remain the same or change throughout life
Continuous v. Discontinuous Stages of Development
The debate is development is gradual and a continuous process or are there distinct changes throughout development
Cross-Sectional
Comparing people or groups of different ages at one point in time
Longitudinal
Comparing the same people over time
Prenatal Development
Caused by teratogens, possible effects could be prematurity, low birth weight, and intellectual disabilities
Teratogens
An agent that produces abnormalities
Infancy
Earliest period of postnatal life (from birth-1)
Rooting Reflex
Automatic and unlearned response of a newborn
Maturation
Naturally occurring time-related changes
Developmental Milestones
Any physical, cognitive, social, or environmental change that is predictable throughout the world
Fine Motor Coordination
Coordination of small muscles to control precise/fine movements
Gross Motor Coordination
Activities or skills that require large muscles to move
Sensorimotor
Birth-2 years old
Basic reflexes
Object permanence: The ability to understand that objects continue to exist even when they are not perceived
Preoperational
2-6
Little awareness of the perspective of others
Pretend Play: Make-believe fantasy play
Mental Symbols: An Internal symbol that represents an external reality
Animism: The belief that inanimate objects are alive
Egocentrism: Believing that others understand from your view
Concrete operational
7-11
Logical thinking
Conservation: Something does not change even when its psychical appearance changes
Reversibility: Reverses a sequence of events to restore something to its original condition
Theory of Mind: Others have different thoughts and beliefs of their own
Formal Operational
12-adulthood
Logical and abstract thinking
Abstract Logic: Being able to understand concepts that can’t be experienced