Final for School Psych Profession Class

Acculturation

The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.

Adequate Yearly Progress

The annual progress report of how students in a school performed on the state's achievement tests as required by No Child Left Behind. Schools whose students are not performing at grade level are labeled by the state as "low performing".

Aptitude-by-treatment interaction

suggests that optimal learning results when the instruction is exactly matched to the aptitudes of the learner

Beneficence

to do good

BICS/CALPS

Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) refer to linguistic skills needed in everyday, social face-to-face interactions

Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) focuses on proficiency in academic language or language used in the classroom in the various content areas.

Boulder Conference

Conference in 1949: Outlines scientist-practitioner model of clinical psychology, looking at the M.D. versus Ph.D. used by medical providers and researchers

Child find

A function of each state, mandated by federal law, to locate and refer individuals who might require special education

Confidentiality

the act of holding information in confidence, not to be released to unauthorized individuals

Criterion-referenced test

Individual's performance is measured against mastery of curriculum criteria rather than other students

Curriculum-based measurement

frequent measurement comparing a student's actual progress with an expected rate of progress

Dual purpose of consultation

to hear out the person's needs and help identify a plan of attack for solving their problems and accomplishing their goals

Due Process

(law) the administration of justice according to established rules and principles

Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

1. Assessment and Accountability Systems;

States must develop a system that includes performance goals, measures student performance, indicators of school quality (climate and safety or engagement)

2. School improvement and support:

States must offer support to schools in need of improvement

3. Improving school climate, safety, and access to high quality comprehensive learning supports (MTSS)

Ethnicity

Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions.

FAPE (Free Appropriate Public Education)

As guaranteed by the Individuals with

Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), schools must provide each qualifying child with

disabilities a program of education and

related services individually designed

to meet that child's unique needs and

from which the child receives educational

benefit including being prepared for further

education, employment, and independent

living; this provision of education and

related services is without cost to the child's

parents or guardians, except for fees equally

imposed on the parents or guardians of

children without disabilities.

FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act)

A federal law that regulates the management of student records and disclosure of information from those records. The Act has its own administrative enforcement mechanism.

Functional assessment

A type of behavioral assessment used to determine functional relations between challenging behavior and environmental events

IDEA/IDEIA

Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act

IDEA Focused Monitoring

IEP

Individualized Education Program

Informed consent (including three requirements)

knowing, competent and voluntary

Integrity

(n.) honesty, high moral standards; an unimpaired condition, completeness, soundness

Lightner Witmer

He introduced the term "clinical psychology" and is often credited with founding the field that it describes.

LRE

Least Restrictive Environment

Manifestation determination

A determination that a student's inappropriate behavior is not a result, or manifestation, of his or her disability. This is usually determined in a hearing and is required when a student's behavior violates school rules and before the school can undertake disciplinary action that might result in a student's suspension from school.

Meaning of appropriate (under FAPE)

sufficient to benefit

Multi-tiered system of supports

More comprehensive strategy that is interchangeable with RtII

###addresses academic as well as the social, emotional, and behavioral development of children from early childhood to graduation.

NCSP

nationally certified school psychologist

No Child Left Behind (NCLB)

federal law that established an accountability system based on state standards

Nonmaleficence

do no harm

Norm-referenced test

A test takers performance reported in comparison to other test takers in the same age or grade sample. Results are reported in standard scores, percentile ranks, t scores, or z scores.

Privacy

the right of people not to reveal information about themselves

Reliability

consistency of measurement

Response to Intervention (RTI)

A strategy used for determining whether a pupil has a learning disability. Student is exposed to increasing levels of validated instructional intervention; responsiveness to the instruction is assessed; a lack of adequate progress typically leads to a referral for possible special education services.

Scientist-Practitioner

Mental health professional expected to apply scientific methods to his or her work. A scientist-practitioner must know the latest research on diagnosis and treatment, must evaluate his or her methods for effectiveness, and may generate research to discover information about disorders and their treatment.

Section 504

A federal law that prohibits the denial of participation in, benefits of, or discrimination in any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance because of a documented disability, history of a disability, or the appearance of having a disability.

Steps in Problem Solving Model

Identify the problem, Why is it occurring, Implementing an intervention, and is the intervention working

Thayer Conference

Conference in 1954: the landmark summit which defined school psychology

treatment utility

Assessment measures/methods contribute to improved treatment outcomes

Validity

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Zero reject

schools must educate all children with disabilities

Brown v. Board of Education

court found that segregation was a violation of the Equal Protection clause "separate but equal" has no place

PARC v. Commonwealth of PA

required that the state provides a free education to kids between 6-21

Mills v. Board of Education of DC

determined that no child could be denied a public education because of any mental, behavioral, physical or emotional handicaps or deficiencies; additionally, insufficient financial resources are not a reason to deny education

Tarasoff v. U. of CA Regents

When a therapist determines, or pursuant to the standards of his profession, should determine, that his patient presents a serious danger of violence to another, he incurs an obligation to use reasonable care to protect the intended victim against such danger.

New Jersey v TLO

Supreme court case in which it was decided that a student may be searched if there is "reasonable ground" for doing so.

Newport-Mesa SD v. CA Dept. of Ed

The decision in the Newport-Mesa Unified School District v. State of California Department of Education case gave parents the right to receive copies of test protocols in certain situation

Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson v. Rowley

appropriate as "sufficient to benefit", but not "sufficient" to meet the student's full-potential

Irving v. Tatro

medical services are to be included under related services

Timothy W. v. Rochester, NH Sch Dist

"All means all"; no one can be denied access to a free appropriate public education (zero reject); interim special educational placement is acceptable until an official/final IEP is developed and agreed upon; "capable of benefiting" is not allowable criteria determining eligibility for special education

Endrew F. v. Douglas County SD, CO

Redefined appropriate to include "meaningful"; according to the IDEA, if a parent believes that their student is not receiving adequate services from their public school, they are able to move their child to a private school and seek reimbursement; "appropriate services in light of individual circumstances"

Daniel RR v. Board of Education

"whether education in the regular classroom, with the use of supplemental aids and services, can be achieved satisfactorily for a given child; if it cannot and the school intends to provide special education or to remove the child from regular education"

(b) "whether the school has mainstreamed the child to the maximum extent appropriate"

Oberti v. Clementon

court case influential in inclusion of handicapped students - School districts must meet the burden of showing that a student cannot be educated satisfactorily in a general education classroom with supplementary aids and services. Schools must make reasonable attempts to include handicapped children, including cognitively impaired children, in regular education classes

Guadalupe v. Arizona

Diana V. Board of Education

Standardized tests must be given in the student's natural language

The Lau v. Nichols

equal vs. equitable treatment for LEP students. Supreme Court ruled that schools were to provide LEP students with support to learn English and content

Larry P. v. Riles

Case Ruled that IQ test could not be used as the primary or sole basis of placing students in special programs

PASE v. Hannon

Standard IQ tests used with other evaluation procedures didn't deny students from diverse backgrounds their IDEA rights

Marshall v. Georgia

Marshall ruling stated that the percentage of minorities placed in special education can exceed the percentage in the representative population as long as the appropriate and proper steps for placement were followed.

Crawford v. Honig

Wanted IQ test because they felt that denial of an IQ test is a denial of services

IQ tests can be used for LD evaluations

Hobson v. Hansen

Schools must provide educational opportunities despite a families socio-economic status (SES)