FINAL EXAM English I Review Sheet 2025

Rhetoric1

the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.1

Ethos (ethics)2

 persuasion through the speaker’s or writer’s education, experience, trustworthy, likability and motivation

·  Michael Jordan, Alicia Keys, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Abraham Lincoln2

Pathos (sympathy/empathy)3

persuasion through emotional appeal3

Logos (Logic)4

persuasion through logic argument

·  reasoning, facts, statistics, expert opinion, research/studies4

Rhetorical Question5

a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answe5

Parallelism6

using similar words, clauses, phrases, sentence structure, or other grammatical elements to emphasize similar ideas in a sentence.6

Propaganda7

presenting one sided information to promote an opinion and7

Restatemen8

an act of stating the same idea in different words8

Loaded Language/Emotive Language/ Emotional Appeal9

is using strong, emotionally charged  language; words with positive and negative associations to those words that draws attention to the point

• Suffering, deadly, survival, indispensable9

Denotation10

 the dictionary meaning of a word10

Connotation11

the positive or negative charge that a word may have11

Context Clues12

hints found within a sentence, paragraph, or passage that a reader can use to understand the meanings of new or unfamiliar words.12

Author’s purpose13

 the author’s reason for writing

·  P = Persuade

·  I = Inform

·  E = Entertain13

  MLA Format14

size 12 font, Times New Roman, Double-spaced, heading, header, citations and Works Cited page with a one inch margin around the paper, except for the header, which is a half inch front the top of the page14

Parenthetical Citation15

 is the in-text citation, which follows a quote in the text/paragraph to give credit to the source, including the author’s last name and the page number15

MLA Heading16

your name, the teacher’s name, the class, & the date

John Smith

Ms. Ryan

English I

8 June 202316

 Header17

s your last name a half inch down from the top of the page in the right corner with a sequential number for each page·                                                                                                                 Smith 117

Titles18

titles of small writings (articles, short stories, poems, songs, speeches) are identified with “quotation marks” & titles of long writings (books, plays, newspapers) are underlined. Both small writings and longs writings can be italics.

·      Romeo and Juliet or Romeo and Juliet (play); “The Road Not Taken” or The Road Not Taken (poem)18

Speaker19

the character or narrator of the poem19

Stanza20

a group of lines that are surrounded by extra spaces in a poem

·  The poem, “The Road Not Taken,” contains four stanzas.20

Rhyme Scheme21

is the pattern of rhyme in a poem as identified by lowercase letters

·  The poem, “The Road Not Taken,” has a rhyme scheme of a, b, a, a, b in the first stanza.21

External Rhyme22

is when words at the end of a line of a poetry rhyme

·  Wood, stood, could22

Internal Rhyme23

is when words within a line of a poetry rhyme

·  Somewhere ages and ages hence23

Exact Rhyme24

 is when the vowel sounds and ending sounds match24

Slant Rhyme25

is a half rhyme or an approximate rhyme25

Imagery – creating an image with sensory descriptions26

a.  Tactile Imagery – imagery that describes how something feels

b. Olfactory Imagery - imagery that describes how something smells

c.  Gustatory Imagery - imagery that describes how something tastes26

Hyperbole – exaggeration27

o   These books weigh a ton!27

Personification28

 giving human qualities to an object or an animal28

Metaphor29

a comparison between two different things29

Extended Metaphor30

 a comparison between two different things that continues over multiple lines or sentences

o   Life paths are compared to roads in “The Road Not Taken” throughout the four stanzas.30

a

a

s

s

d

d

f

f

g

g

h

h

j

j

k

k

l

l

L

L

.

.

/

/

?

?

>

>

ABCD

ABCD

gg

gg

y

y

u

u

ii

ii