* Families final exam review - EMS

please i just want to be done studying (T ^ T)

subsystems

systems that exist within a larger system.

surveys

research method

• Strengths: cost effectiveness, generalizability, reliability, and versatility.

• Weaknesses: inflexibility and issues with depth.

Interviews

can yield rich and detailed data, they also have some drawbacks that researchers must consider. Can be time-consuming and resource-intensive and may be subject to bias or social desirability bias.

experiments

these methods offer strong tests for causal relationships, replicability, and generalizability. However, they require careful design, may not always be feasible, and can have ethical limitations.

examples of development tasks

• Success vs. failure in tasks

• Individual vs Family tasks

• biological/psychological requirements

• cultural/social expectation

• Personal aspirations and values

6 Stages of development

1. the young single

2. the newly married couple

3. the family with young children

4. the family with teens

5. launching

6. later life

Aspects of family systems theory

1. wholeness

2. Hierarchy

3. Homeostasis

4. causality

5. Boundaries

6. Rules

Social science research methods

1. experiments

2. surveys

3. interviews

4. observations

interviews

can yield rich and detailed data, they also have some drawbacks that researchers must consider. Interviews= can be time-consuming and resource-intensive and may be subject to interviewer bias or social desirability bias.

observations

is a valuable tool because of its flexibility, external validity, and suitability for topics that can't be studied in a lab setting. The downsides include its lack of scientific control, ethical considerations, and potential for bias from observers and subjects.

The Inquiry Model: The Stanford Prison experiment *

• Problem/question:

• hypothesis:

• methods/gathering data:

• Observations and analysis of data:

• conclusion:

inquiry model

the format/procedure with which social studies are conducted in order to ensure they are scientific

steps of the Inquiry model

1. Identify a problem or ask a question

2. Develop a Hypothesis

3. Gather data

4. Analyze the data

5. draw conclusions

Identify a problem or ask a question

The 1st step in the inquiry model. This provides a reason for the inquiry and indicates a plan of action.  For example, a social scientist might be wondering about the impact of driving on teenage life.  The first step in any social science inquiry is to put the problem in the form of a question.  The question in this case might be “Do students who own or have regular access to a car have lower grades in school?”

Develop a Hypothesis

The 2nd step in the inquiry model. A possible/guess answer to the question and a starting point for further investigation.  This step is crucial because without one an inquirer can waste a lot of energy looking for information that may not be relevant to the answer. It indicates what needs to be tested and which research method to use.  For instance, the social science inquirer might guess that owning or having regular access to a car has a negative effect on school grades. 

Gather data

The 3rd step of the inquiry model. The inquirer must determine how to gather data or information, then conduct their research accordingly. The method used should be appropriate to the question and the hypothesis.  In the social sciences, a number of research methods may be used:  case studies, sample surveys, experiments, interviews, or observation.  For example, the inquirer might conduct a survey to find out how many teens own cars or how often and at what time of day they have access to a car, and what grades these teens are getting at school. 

Analyze the data

the 4th step in the inquiry model. Collected data is not meaningful unless it is organized, interpreted and analyzed.  In our example, the inquirer might organize the information gathered from the survey into the form of a graph that shows a relationship between having access to a car and school grades.  This type of graph would allow the inquirer to see any trends, or general patterns, that would help to answer the question. 

draw conclusions

The 5th and final step of the inquiry model. Should the hypothesis be accepted, rejected or revised, is it supported by the data and what kind of answer can be provided for the question asked?  The researcher might determine that there is, in fact, a relationship between having access to a car and school grades, but that it does not support the hypothesis.  Based on analysis of the data, the researcher might find that having access to a car during the daytime does not harm grades, but having unlimited access to a car during evening hours does have an impact. 

experimental controls

The most common type of control group is one held at ordinary conditions so it doesn't experience a changing variable. For example: all other conditions remain the same while participants take test, the only difference is that the experimental group was promised donuts after the test, but the control group was not.

The Inquiry model: The Milgram experiment *

• Problem/question:

• hypothesis:

• methods/gathering data:

• Observations and analysis of data:

• conclusion:

cultural anthropology

studies the arts, beliefs habits, and institutions of living peoples and examines and compares them. Might study specific time periods or geographic regions of people.

Social anthropology

studies the social organization of living peoples and examines them to find the root of social problems (e.g. racism, poverty, patriarchy). A lot in common with sociology

topics covered by sociology

• communication between men and women

• values, hopes, fears, and lifestyles of youth

• impact of early life experiences of child development

• the distinct ways boys and girls are socialized

micro studies

psychological studies of individuals

macro studies

psychological studies of groups

topics covered under psychology

• treatment of violent offenders

• similarities and differences in twins

• emotional factors of medical conditions

• psychological health among minority groups

when children return home *

marital development tasks *

what it takes to launch a teen *

time to stay, time to go *

the sandwich generation *

Inside your teenager’s scary brain *

Why students abandon their faith *

Canada ranks poorly in parent-teen bonds *

Half of mental illness begins… *

Is porn immoral? *

sensorimotor *

preoperational *

concrete operational *

formal operational *

The first years of life determine brain wiring *

Windows of opportunity:  Raising a Healthy Child Depends on... *

What screen time can really do to kid’s brains. *

Mothering and fathering *

Active fathering *

why can’t dads have it all *

The family with teens *

developmental tasks of adolescents *

teens and brain development *

depression *

suicide *

faith development *

peer pressure *

pornography *

developmental tasks of the family with teens *

physical needs *

security needs *

love and belonging *

esteem *

self actualization *

failure to thrive syndrome *

the importance of touch *

Erik Erikson *

advantages/disadvantages of childless family *

in vitro fertilization *

artificial/therapeutic insemination *

endometriosis *

normal infertility *

telling the truth about childbirth *

here comes trouble *

the transition to parenthood… what happened to me. *

voluntary childlessness *

communication and conflict resolution *

fighting fair *

conflict resolution styles *

science says (article) *

conflict (article) *

development tasks of the newly married couple *

goals of premarital counselling *

establishing a strong marriage: first steps *

negotiating roles (article) *

the process of finding the ideal partner *

singlehood: not what it used to be *

Starting out as a young adult is incredibly expensive *

decision making *

multigenerational perspective *

interaction *

disorganization *

reorganization *

“I” vs “me”

The 'me' represents learned societal behaviors and expectations, and the 'I' represents the individual's identity based on the response to those social behaviors and expectations. The 'me' and the 'I' act to balance the self out.

development tasks *

Sociology

the systematic study of the development, structure, and functioning of human societies. It explains the behaviors of individuals in social groups, families, and societies

psychology

the systematic study of people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. These are largely determined by our personality.

anthropology

the systematic study of the cultures and customs of human beings.

Stanley Milgram

A social psychologist at Yale University who conducted obedience experiments in the 1960s

Bias *

• the tendency to stand with or against someone or something

• leaning or skewing in a certain direction

• is sneaky and dangerous because

• it can influence what is asked in research and how the results are analyzed and interpreted (sometimes without being noticed)

• often stems from life experience

Prejudice *

• judging before knowing

• making a prejudgment about something or someone based on ignorance and/or lack of info or misinformation

• emotional, strong, firmly held, and intolerant

• often intolerant, hateful ect. (race gender sexuality, religion, disability ect.)

Ethnocentrism *

• The belief that one’s own ethnic or cultural experience is the best or “norm”

• a judgement of superiority over other ethnic or cultural groups

Family systems theory

a theory that looks at the family, not by looking at individual family members but by looking at the functioning of the family as a whole.

rigid boundaries

there is little to no flexibility in the roles of the members of the family and information is not freely shared throughout the family.