Bio1208 Final

Restriction enzyme

enzyme that cuts double-stranded DNA.

p-value

What value is generated from ANOVA

false

True or False: When absorbance increases, concentration decreases

Fluorescence

the phenomenon where light cannot pass through a photosystem and is re-emitted

Reject the null hypothesis. Refer to the standard error bars in the bar graph to determine which treatments are significantly different

Statistical analysis for an experiment showed a p-value of 0.03. What does that mean for the hypothesis and what is the next step?

The null hypothesis is failed to be rejected

What does it mean when the p-value is greater than 0.05

MIX DRY

Manipulate the Independent variable on the X-axis the Dependent variable Responds on the Y-axis

Molecular DNA ladder

a molecular-weight size marker that is a set of standards used to estimate the approximate size of another DNA fragment run on the same gel

Blank Solution

contains everything besides what is being measured. Calibrates the spectrometer to 0 ODU or 100% transmittance

Hypotonic Solution

low solute concentration relative to another solution

Phenotype

observable physical expression of genetic material.

Solvent

Mobile phase of paper chromatography

Transformation

a process by which foreign genetic material is taken up by a cell.

Paper

stationary phase of paper chromatography

Methods

Part of report that covers the equipment used, experiment, and data analysis procedures.

Abstract

Short preview of a paper. Typically contains one to two sentences from each section of the paper.

Osmosis

net movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane

The first two treatments are not significantly different from each other, but they are both significantly different from the third treatment

An experiment shows a p-value less than 0.05. When referring to the bar graph, the first two treatments had overlapping standard error bars, but the third treatment did not overlap the others. What does this mean

All but orange

If an object is orange, what colors are being absorbed?

Prediction

states in what direction the researcher thinks the experiment will go. Based on reasoning and includes citation.

The null hypothesis can be rejected.

states in what direction the researcher thinks the experiment will go. Based on reasoning and includes citation.

Diffusion

net movement of particles through a semipermeable membrane from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

Substrate

a molecule that an enzyme interacts with.

Hypertonic Solution

high solute concentration relative to another solution

Absorbance values of a substance

What does a spectrometer physically measure?

p1000 micropipette

What type and size of pipette would you use to transfer 350uL of liquid?

Phosphate backbone

What gives dna its charge

Results are not significantly different. No further statistical analysis is needed.

After an experiment, data analysis shows a p-value of 0.06. What does this mean for the hypothesis and what is the next step?

Paper Chromatography

technique for separating dissolved chemical substances by taking advantage of their polarities.

pasteur pipette

a simple glass stem pipette with a rubber bulb fitted to one end. Used to dispense small, non-precise drops of liquid.

Mohr Pipette

type of pipette that does not have graduations to the tip

Isotonic solution

equal solute concentration relative to another solution.

10mL serological pipette

What type and size of pipette would you use to transfer 2.5mL of liquid?

False

True or False: When absorbance increases, concentration decreases.

Cellular respiration

Process that uses glucose and oxygen to produce ATP and carbon dioxide.

Dependent Variable

Responds to or is affected by the independent variable.

Each treatment is significantly different from each other. Great data!

An experiment shows a p-value less than 0.05. When then referring to the bar graph, none of the treatments had overlapping error bars. What does this mean?

Concentration

As absorbance increases, what value also increases?

Photosynthesis

Process that uses carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen

Discussion

Discusses data, limitations of experiment, and broader impacts.

Trends

When looking at data, what is most important: individual data values or the trends?

Control

provides experimental baseline. Used to compare results of the treatment

ANOVA

A statistical analysis tool that compares the means of three or more treatments. Results in a p-value to determine if at least one treatment is significantly different.

Chloroplasts

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Results

Includes figures that visually represent data and key trends found.

Genotype

genetic material that confers physical traits

Orange

If an object is orange, what colors are being transmitted?

Independent variable

influences or manipulates the dependent variable.

Fluorescence

the phenomenon where light cannot pass through a photosystem and is re-emitted.

Beer-Lambert Law

states the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the absorbing material in the solution.

References

list of citations used in the report.

Plugging the absorbance value (y) into the standard curve equation and solving for X.

How is concentration determined?

the negatively charged DNA moves through the gel towards the positive charge. Larger fragments make more collisions with the agarose matrix and therefore moves more slowly. Smaller fragments make smaller collisions, moving more quickly or further through the gel

How does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments?

Pasteur or transfer pipette

What pipette would you use to deliver small drops of liquid

All but blue

If an object is blue, what colors are being absorbed?

Negative

What charge is DNA?

Serological Pipette

pipette with graduations all the way to the tip.

Transmittance

Object color. It's the logarithmic inverse of absorbance. Low absorbance = high transmittance

Reaction Enzyme

enzyme that cuts double-stranded DNA.

Micropipette

instrument meant to deliver high precision of extremely small volumes

Concentration

As absorbance decreases, what value also decreases?

Volumetric Pipette

non-graduated pipette that is used to deliver one set or fixed volume. Has a single calibration mark typically at the top of the bulb

Plasmid

small circular DNA separate from the bacteria's genome

p100 micropipette

What type and size of pipette would you use to transfer 15uL of liquid

Intro

Covers broad background information about the subject and narrows to the experiment

Gel electrophoresis

technique that separates DNA fragments by size and charge through a semisolid agarose matrix

Enzyme

an organic catalyst that speeds up the rate of a reaction by decreasing the activation energy