Mental Health Exam 3 Review Flashcards

Practice flashcards covering pharmacological interventions, substance use disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia from Mental Exam 3 lecture notes.

Lithium

A mood stabilizer used for bipolar mania and maintenance therapy that requires 1–3 weeks for therapeutic effect.

Lithium Therapeutic Range

The commonly monitored blood concentration level of $0.6-1.2\,mEq/L$.

Lithium Toxicity Signs

Symptoms including severe diarrhea, vomiting, confusion, muscle weakness, tremors, ataxia, slurred speech, and seizures.

Valproic Acid (Depakote)

A medication used for bipolar mania and seizure disorders that requires monitoring of liver function tests, platelets, and drug levels.

Low-Stimulus Environment

An intervention for mania involving reduced noise, limited visitors, and a calm setting to decrease stimulation and prevent exhaustion.

Bipolar II Disorder

A disorder characterized by hypomania for at least $4$ days and major depressive episodes for at least $2$ weeks, with no history of full manic episodes.

Hypomania

An elevated mood with increased energy and productivity and a decreased need for sleep, causing less severe impairment than full mania.

Naltrexone

A medication for alcohol and opioid use disorders that blocks opioid receptors and reduces cravings.

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

A treatment for alcohol use disorder that causes an unpleasant physical reaction when any alcohol is consumed.

Alcohol-Containing Products to Avoid with Disulfiram

Items including alcoholic beverages, vanilla extract, hand sanitizer, mouthwash, and certain medications.

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

A peer-support recovery program that utilizes a 12-step approach and provides accountability.

Methadone

A long-acting opioid agonist used for withdrawal management and treatment of opioid use disorder.

Delirium Tremens (DTs)

An emergency alcohol withdrawal condition occurring $48-96$ hours after stopping alcohol, marked by severe confusion, hallucinations, and tachycardia.

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

A vitamin used to prevent or treat Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, commonly seen in chronic alcohol use disorder.

Wernicke Encephalopathy

A condition characterized by confusion, ataxia, and eye movement abnormalities.

Korsakoff Syndrome

A condition resulting in memory problems and confabulation, often following Wernicke Encephalopathy.

Genetic Risk of Alcohol Use Disorder

Children with parents who have alcohol addiction have an increased risk of development estimated at $40-60\%$.

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

An anticonvulsant used for seizure disorders and bipolar mood stabilization that requires CBC monitoring for blood disorder risk.

Therapeutic Communication for Delusions

An approach where the nurse acknowledges the client's feelings without reinforcing the delusion and redirects to reality.

Restraints

A last resort intervention used only when a client is a danger to self or others and less restrictive methods have failed.

Antidepressant Time to Effectiveness

The duration of treatment, usually $4-6$ weeks, required to see improvement in symptoms.

Amitriptyline

A Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) associated with the major adverse effect of orthostatic hypotension.

Phenelzine

An MAOI antidepressant that requires a tyramine-free diet to prevent a hypertensive crisis.

Tyramine-Rich Foods

Foods to avoid while taking MAOIs, including aged cheeses, cured/smoked meats, fermented foods, and red wine.

Suboxone (Buprenorphine/Naloxone)

A treatment for opioid use disorder that reduces cravings and withdrawal symptoms while avoiding respiratory depression risks.

Bipolar I Disorder

A disorder characterized by at least one manic episode which may include psychosis or require hospitalization.

Cyclothymic Disorder

A chronic mood disturbance lasting for long periods involving alternating hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet full criteria for Bipolar I or II.

Grandiose Delusions

A false belief of having special abilities, importance, identity, or power, such as a patient stating, “I am God.”

Positive Symptoms (Schizophrenia)

Added behaviors including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior.

Negative Symptoms (Schizophrenia)

Deficits in functioning such as flat affect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, and poor hygiene.

Suicide Warning Signs

Behaviors such as giving away belongings, talking about wanting to die, or showing a sudden mood improvement after severe depression.