Chromosome abnormalities

genetics

number or structure

The 2 types of chromosome abnormalities come from an alteration in chromosome ____ or ____

deletions, duplications, inversions, isochromosomes, ring chromosomes, translocations

list the 6 specific different chromosome abnormalities

isochromosome

term for a chromosome that has lost one chromosome arm and duplicated the other to fill the empty space, creating a mirror like chromosome over the centromere

euploid

if a human has 46 chromosomes they are …

aneuploid

if a human does not have exactly 46 chromosomes they are…

monosomy

loss of 1 chromosome

nullisomy

loss of pair of chromosomes

trisomy

gain of chromosome

tetrasomy

gain of pair of chromosomes

anaphase 1 or 2

aneuploidy is caused by the failure of homologs or chromatids to separate during ____ or ____

non disjunction

term for failure to separate during anaphase

22

how many autosomal chromosome pairs are there in a euploid human cell?

autosomal

all chromosomes unrelated to biological sex

autosomal aneuploidy

Down syndrome, Edward syndrome, and Patau syndrome are all examples of…

gene dosage theory

what theory describes that 2 copies and only 2 copies of each developmental gene are needed

age of mother

likelihood of generating aneuploid gamete increase with…

barr body

name for condensed and inactivated X chromosomes in females

lyonization

name for the process of inactivating an X chromosome

duplication

what specific type of chromosome abnormality is the primary mechanism for evolving new functions?

pericentric and peracentric

What are the 2 types of inversions?

pericentric

inversion that involves the centromere

peracentric

inversion that doesnt involve the centromere

trisomy 21

Down syndrome is caused by ____ on the __ chromosome

trisomy 18

Edward syndrome is caused by ____ on the __ chromosome

trisomy 13

Patau syndrome is caused by ____ on the __ chromosome

XO

Turner syndrome is the ___ state

XXY

kleinefelter syndrome is the ___ state

XYY syndrome and Triplo X

what are the 2 other relatively harmless sex chromosome disorders?