THE PERIODIC TABLE

Luster

• Thermal conductivity

• Electrical conductivity

Malleability

METALS

Metalic in appearance

• Brittle

• Only fair conductors of electricity

• Behave mostly as nonmetals

Metalloids

• NO Luster

• NO Thermal conductivity

• NO Electrical conductivity

• NO Malleability

• Most are NOBLE gases ONLY Nonmetal LIQUID = BROMINE There are also some SOLID nonmetals

NON METALS

metalloids

• These are elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

metalloids

• They are found along the zig-zag line that separated metals and nonmetals

• Valence electrons

elements in the same group share the same number of valence electrons,

which means they have similar chemical behaviors and bonding tendencies.

⚬ atomic radius

⚬ ionization energy

⚬ electronegativity

⚬ electron affinity

Periodic trends

• Atomic radius

⚬ measure of the size of the atom

• Ionization potential

⚬ amount of energy needed by a gaseous atom in order to remove an electron

from its outermost orbital

Electron affinity

amount of energy released when a neutral atom gains an electron from

outside

Electronegativity

ability of an atom to attract electrons from outside

Copper (Cu)

• Silver (Ag)

• Gold (Au)

“Coinage Metals” group

Copper

excellent conductor of heat and electricity → electrical wiring, motors, electrical

devices

Silver

highest electrical conductivity of all metals → electronics, solar panels; medical

applications because of its antimicrobial properties

Gold

jewelries, medical applications, and electronics

periodic table

is a tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number such that elements having similar chemical properties are positioned in vertical columns.

periodic law

states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, elements with similar chemical properties occur at periodic (regularly recurring) intervals.

Jons Jakob Berzelius

proposed a system of chemical symbols based on the first letter of their name and some based on their Latin name.

Antoine Lavoiser

arranged element into groups of simple substances that do not decompose by any means.

A.E. Beguyer de Chancourtois

made a list of elements arranged by increasing atomic weight in spiral order.

Johann Dobereiner

He classified some elements into groups of three, which he called triads.

triad

had similar chemical properties and orderly physical properties.

John Newlands

He suggested that elements be arranged in "octaves" because he noticed (after arranging the elements in order of increasing atomic mass) that certain properties repeated every after 8th element.

Lothar Meyer & Dmitri Mendeleev

arranged the elements according to its atomic weights (mass).

Henry Moseley

is a British chemist responsible for the arrangement of the periodic table in terms of atomic number.

Period

is a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.

group

is a vertical column of elements in the periodic table.

representative elements.

Group A elements are called

transition elements

Group B elements are

Alkali metal

is a general name for any element in Group IA of the periodic table, excluding hydrogen

are soft, shiny metals that readily react with water.

Alkaline earth metal

is a general name for any element in Group lIA of the periodic table.

are also soft, shiny metals, but they are only moderately reactive toward water

Halogen

is a general name for any element in Group VIIA of the periodic table.

are reactive elements that are gases at room temperature or become such at temperatures slightly above room temperature.

Noble gas

is a general name for any element in Group VIIIA of the periodic table.

are unreactive gases that undergo few, if any, chemical reactions.