WSU SLP 6480 week 1 brain anatomy

neurogenic communication disoder

a disturbance of communication arising from damage to the nervous system; including aphasias, dysarthrias, apraxia of speech, and the myriad of communication problems that may arise from RHDs, TBIs, and dementia; ‘neurodivergent conditions’

organic communication disorder

include disorders resulting from motor/neurological disorders (childhood apraxia, dysarthria), structural abnormalities (cleft lip/palate), and sensory/perceptual disorders (hearing impairment)

cognition

the ability to acquire and process knowledge about the world

arousal

the level of wakefulness and the ability to respond to stimuli

orienting

the ability to direct attention toward a stimulus

attention

the ability to hold focus on a stimulus when aroused enough to know that the stimulus is there and use orienting skills and direct attention to the stimulus

vigilance

the ability to stay alert to the occurrence of a possible stimulus

sustained attention

the ability to hold attention to a single stimulus

selective attention

the ability to hold attention on a stimulus while ignoring the present of competing stimuli

alternating attention

the ability to move or alternate attention back and forth from on stimulus to another

divided attention

the ability to attend to one stimulus while simultaneously attending to another stimulus

working memory

the ability to hold a finite amount of information in the mind for immediate processing and manipulating

short-term memory

the retention of information seconds and minutes, up to an hour

long-term memory

the ability to retain information successfully for months or years

procedural memory

the encoding, storing, and retrieving of sequences of individual actions used to achieve larger objectives

declarative memory

the ability to remember facts

episodic memory

the recall of specific, recently experienced events or episodes

orientation

the ability of individuals to know who they are, where they are, and when they are

problem solving

the ability to find an appropriate solution to a problem

inferencing

the ability to take previous knowledge and experience and apply it to the interpretation of the present situation; the ability to interpret details correctly to make a leap in judgment to a correct interpretation of the overall meaning

executive functions

high level cognitive abilities used to employ other lower-level cognitive functions appropriately to meet high-level goals

language

a set of symbols used to communicate meaning

speech

the sounds made by the vocal and articulatory structures of the body to create verbal language

evidence based practice

the notion that therapy and evaluation procedures must be determined to be effective based on clinical opinion or valid and reliable research