P6 (Lab) Archimedes - thermodynamics

buoyant force

upward force exerted by a fluid on any immersed object

archimedes principle

the magnitude of the buoyant force, it is always equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

specific heat

amount of thermal energy that an object must absorb to change its temperature by one degree

mass of object, material of object, temperature of environment

amount of temperature change depends on;

calorimeter

it is well insulated so very little thermal energy will come from or go into the surrounding air

change of thermal energy

the sum of change in thermal energy of water and calorimeter is equal to

different

initial temperature of water and calorimeter

same

final temperature of water and calorimeter, also known as equilibrium temperature

molecules jiggle faster and more farther apart

In linear thermal expansions, when you increase temperature —

linear thermal expansion

it is the increase in any one dimension of a solid when it is subjected to change in temperature

thermal stress

If the solid cannot freely expand it is under

expands

if the substance heats, the object —

contracts

if the substance cools, the object —

does not change in temp

when ice melts into water, it absorbs thermal energy from surroundings but

latent heat of fusion

used when the change of phase is between solid and liquid

latent heat of vaporization

it is used when the change of phase is between liquid and gas

environment that surrounds the substance

where does thermal energy come from

Celsius thermometer

most common thermometer in the world

Andres Celsius

celciuss thermometer is named after the swedish astronomer

Andres Celsius

he suggested the scale of 100 degrees between freezing an boiling point of water (0 = freezing, 100 = boiling)

Gabriel D. Fahrenheit

german physicist where fahrenheit thermometer got the name from

32, 212

In US, thermometers use the fahrenheit; wherein the freezing point is______ and the boiling point is_____