Studied by 26 people
2023
Charles Darwin
Father of Evolutionary Theory
HMS Beagle
Captain Robert Fitzroy, allowed Darwin passage to the Galapagos
Captain Robert Fitzroy believed in
phrenology
Animal psychology led to
Behaviorism
Darwin is the father of individual differences in psychology in ____
Species
Francis Galton
Produced the first IQ tests
Galton is the father of individual differences in ____
Humans
Galton developed our understanding of ____
mean, median, standard deviation
Galton was the father of _____
Eugenics
Law of Parsimony
keep it simple
Founder of Modern Psychology
Wundt
Originator of modern psychology
Fechner
Leipzig
The University where Wundt studied psychology for 45 years
The categories that Wundt divided the study of psychology into
Social and Experimental
Voluntarism
The organization of the mind’s content into higher-level thought processes
Mediate Experiences
remembering
Immediate Experiences
experiencing
Introspective Method According to Wundt
Observers must be able to determine when the process is introduced, be in a state of readiness, and the observation must be repeatable and variable
Sensation according to Wundt
arousal of a sense organ when stimulated that resulted impulses reach the brain
Feeling according to Wundt
the subjective complements to a sensation that do not arise from the sense organ (emotional)
Tridimensional Theory of Feeling
Pleasure/displeasure, Tension/relaxation, Excitement/Depression
Galton’s measures of intellectual functioning assumed correlation between intelligence and _____
acuteness of the senses
Galton found that a substantial proportion of word associations were evidence of _____
the effects of childhood experiences on the adult
What additional interests did Galton research?
Arithmetic by smell, paranoid disorders, the power of prayer
Which of the following statements is NOT part of social Darwinism?
Each nation should have a social welfare program to support the poor.
What about Darwin’s work was new?
His hard data to support the theory of evolution
The work of Romanes was especially flawed because of his
use of the anecdotal method
A theory of evolution based on natural selection was developed independently by _____
Darwin and Wallace
In his book _____, Darwin explained human emotional gestures, postures, and other aspects of body language that convey emotion as remnants of adaptive remnants by animals.
The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals
Who argued for the sterilization of mental defectives and advocated for the 'best and brightest’ to marry and have children?
Cattell
Other than Stumpf’s research, his greatest influence on psychology may have been ____
educating the founders of Gestalt psychology
The fundamental purpose of Ebbinghaus using nonsense syllables was to _____
Control for previous learning or associations
Brentano’s Act psychology, in contrast to Wundt’s approach, claimed that psychology should _____
study mental processes or functions and not mental structure
The cultural psychology of Wundt examined evidence from _____
Examination of language, myths, customs, law, and morals
Kulpe opposed Wundt by claiming that conscious thought processes can be carried out without the presence of sensation or feelings, Kulpe’s view is known as ____
Imageless thought
The first system or school of thought in psychology was called:
voluntarism by Wundt
Wundt established psychology as distinct from philosophy primarily in terms of its _____
Use of the experimental method
According to lecture and your book what is introspection?
Looking into ones own mental state to inspect and report on ones own thoughts or feelings
Titchener took Wundt’s introspective method a step further with a goal of
Making introspection second nature to where the person did not even know they were introspecting
In his introspection experiments, Titchener wanted his subjects to
be passive recorders of the experiences registering on the conscious mind
The school of structuralism includes the work and/or systems of who?
Titchener
Wundt’s focus was on _____, whereas Titchener’s was on _____.
Synthesis of elements, analysis of elements
Who was a student of Titchener’s?
Margaret Floy Washburn
One of the main reasons that Titchener’s thought was believed to closely parallel that of Wundt’s was because…
Titchener translated Wundt’s books from German to English
Who said psychology was NOT in the business of curing sick minds?
Titchener
When Titchener died, the era of structuralism ______.
Collapsed
Titchener argued that psychology is unique among the sciences because _____.
psychology alone is dependent on experiencing persons
Behavioral and cognitive disorders would be attributed most heavily to ____ by Witmer.
environmental factors
G. Stanley Hall advocated which of the following approaches in his theory of child development?
Recapitulationist view
Binet and Simon’s test differed from Galton and Cattell’s in its _____.
Emphasis on the relationship of higher cognitive processes to intelligence.
What did William James publish in 1890?
Principles of Psychology
Who extended the age range of the Stanford-Binet downward?
Psyche Cattell
Which sequence on emotion would be correct according to William James?
We strike a person, then become angry
Woolley’s research on sex differences and alleged male superiority was…
The first experimental test of the variability hypothesis of male superiority.
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