History of Psychology Exam #2

2023

Charles Darwin

Father of Evolutionary Theory

HMS Beagle

Captain Robert Fitzroy, allowed Darwin passage to the Galapagos

Captain Robert Fitzroy believed in

phrenology

Animal psychology led to

Behaviorism

Darwin is the father of individual differences in psychology in ____

Species

Francis Galton

Produced the first IQ tests

Galton is the father of individual differences in ____

Humans

Galton developed our understanding of ____

mean, median, standard deviation

Galton was the father of _____

Eugenics

Law of Parsimony

keep it simple

Founder of Modern Psychology

Wundt

Originator of modern psychology

Fechner

Leipzig

The University where Wundt studied psychology for 45 years

The categories that Wundt divided the study of psychology into

Social and Experimental

Voluntarism

The organization of the mind’s content into higher-level thought processes

Mediate Experiences

remembering

Immediate Experiences

experiencing

Introspective Method According to Wundt

Observers must be able to determine when the process is introduced, be in a state of readiness, and the observation must be repeatable and variable

Sensation according to Wundt

arousal of a sense organ when stimulated that resulted impulses reach the brain

Feeling according to Wundt

the subjective complements to a sensation that do not arise from the sense organ (emotional)

Tridimensional Theory of Feeling

Pleasure/displeasure, Tension/relaxation, Excitement/Depression

Galton’s measures of intellectual functioning assumed correlation between intelligence and _____

acuteness of the senses

Galton found that a substantial proportion of word associations were evidence of _____

the effects of childhood experiences on the adult

What additional interests did Galton research?

Arithmetic by smell, paranoid disorders, the power of prayer

Which of the following statements is NOT part of social Darwinism?

Each nation should have a social welfare program to support the poor.

What about Darwin’s work was new?

His hard data to support the theory of evolution

The work of Romanes was especially flawed because of his

use of the anecdotal method

A theory of evolution based on natural selection was developed independently by _____

Darwin and Wallace

In his book _____, Darwin explained human emotional gestures, postures, and other aspects of body language that convey emotion as remnants of adaptive remnants by animals.

The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals

Who argued for the sterilization of mental defectives and advocated for the 'best and brightest’ to marry and have children?

Cattell

Other than Stumpf’s research, his greatest influence on psychology may have been ____

educating the founders of Gestalt psychology

The fundamental purpose of Ebbinghaus using nonsense syllables was to _____

Control for previous learning or associations

Brentano’s Act psychology, in contrast to Wundt’s approach, claimed that psychology should _____

study mental processes or functions and not mental structure

The cultural psychology of Wundt examined evidence from _____

Examination of language, myths, customs, law, and morals

Kulpe opposed Wundt by claiming that conscious thought processes can be carried out without the presence of sensation or feelings, Kulpe’s view is known as ____

Imageless thought

The first system or school of thought in psychology was called:

voluntarism by Wundt

Wundt established psychology as distinct from philosophy primarily in terms of its _____

Use of the experimental method

According to lecture and your book what is introspection?

Looking into ones own mental state to inspect and report on ones own thoughts or feelings

Titchener took Wundt’s introspective method a step further with a goal of

Making introspection second nature to where the person did not even know they were introspecting

In his introspection experiments, Titchener wanted his subjects to

be passive recorders of the experiences registering on the conscious mind

The school of structuralism includes the work and/or systems of who?

Titchener

Wundt’s focus was on _____, whereas Titchener’s was on _____.

Synthesis of elements, analysis of elements

Who was a student of Titchener’s?

Margaret Floy Washburn

One of the main reasons that Titchener’s thought was believed to closely parallel that of Wundt’s was because…

Titchener translated Wundt’s books from German to English

Who said psychology was NOT in the business of curing sick minds?

Titchener

When Titchener died, the era of structuralism ______.

Collapsed

Titchener argued that psychology is unique among the sciences because _____.

psychology alone is dependent on experiencing persons

Behavioral and cognitive disorders would be attributed most heavily to ____ by Witmer.

environmental factors

G. Stanley Hall advocated which of the following approaches in his theory of child development?

Recapitulationist view

Binet and Simon’s test differed from Galton and Cattell’s in its _____.

Emphasis on the relationship of higher cognitive processes to intelligence.

What did William James publish in 1890?

Principles of Psychology

Who extended the age range of the Stanford-Binet downward?

Psyche Cattell

Which sequence on emotion would be correct according to William James?

We strike a person, then become angry

Woolley’s research on sex differences and alleged male superiority was…

The first experimental test of the variability hypothesis of male superiority.