CCNA ITN: Module 5

binary numbering system

base-2 system using 0s and 1s

bit

individual binary digit (0 or 1)

IPv4 address

32-bit address usually shown in dotted decimal notation

octet

group of 8 bits in an IPv4 address

binary to decimal

add 2ⁿ values where bits = 1 (e.g., 128, 64, 32…)

decimal to binary

subtract the largest possible 2ⁿ values and mark positions with 1s

IPv6 address

128-bit address written in hexadecimal format

hexadecimal numbering system

base-16 system using 0–9 and A–F

hextet

16-bit segment in an IPv6 address (four hex digits)

decimal to hexadecimal

convert decimal to binary, then group into 4-bit sets and translate to hex

binary to hexadecimal

group 4-bit binary chunks and match to hex symbols

hexadecimal to decimal

convert each hex digit to 4-bit binary, then to decimal

hexadecimal to binary

each hex digit maps to a 4-bit binary string

example hex to binary

F = 1111, A = 1010, 7 = 0111

example decimal to binary

156 = 10011100