Caring for Different Cultures and Religions - CNSW Lecture 2

A set of Q&A flashcards covering caring for diverse cultures and religions, transcultural nursing concepts, the nursing process, and culturally competent care considerations.

What is the definition of caring according to the American Association of the Critical Nurses’ Synergy Model for Patient Care?

Activities performed by nurses in a compassionate, supportive and therapeutic environment to promote comfort and healing.

Who is considered the father of modern medicine?

Hippocrates.

What does the Nursing Process acronym ADPIE stand for?

Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning/outcomes, Implementation, Evaluation.

In the Nursing Process, which step comes first?

Assessment.

What forms the basis for a nursing diagnosis in the Nursing Process?

Information collected during assessment, using the NANDA list.

What is the purpose of the nursing care plan?

To provide a plan of action with goals, prioritization (Maslow’s and ABC), and strategies to meet those goals.

How should nursing goals be written?

Measurable and attainable; e.g., 'drink 8 ounces of water every four hours.'

How many nursing actions are typically implemented to move toward goals in the Nursing Process?

3-5 nursing actions.

What is the purpose of Evaluation in the Nursing Process?

To determine whether goals were met and adjust the plan as needed.

Name the major nursing theorists mentioned and their ideas.

Nightingale—placing the patient in the right environment for nature to work; Neuman—systems approach, minimize stress on the body.

What is transcultural nursing?

Giving competent, cultural care; providing care that respects cultural values; term coined by Madeline Leininger.

What is the goal of transcultural nursing?

Preserve, accommodate, or re-pattern the culture of the patient.

What does 'repattern' mean in transcultural nursing?

Change the patient’s way of life or dietary practices to support health.

What are language considerations in transcultural care?

Use certified interpreters (or telephone interpreters); consider tools like picture communication boards.

List the five major race groups identified in the notes.

American Indian/Alaskan Native; Asian; Black/African American; Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander; White/Caucasian/Anglo-American.

What eye-contact expectations are noted for some cultures?

Asians and Native Americans may view direct eye contact as disrespectful; others in the U.S. may expect it.

What space/distance preferences are mentioned for different cultures?

Asians prefer arm’s length; Arabs prefer same-sex nurses; Hispanics may stand closer than typical.

What are touch preferences for Native Americans during care?

Strong handshakes can be offensive; light touch is better; always ask permission to touch and include spouse in room during personal care.

How do different cultures express emotions according to the notes?

Anglo and African Americans express openly; Asians, Amish, and American Indians may restrain; Hispanics are expressive, with machismo influencing male emotional display.

What should be considered about dietary customs and religion?

Dietary choices are often based on religion; thoroughly assess what the patient wants to eat; assessment is the first step.

What are the three identified perspectives on illness beliefs?

Biomedical/scientific; Naturalistic/holistic (harmony with nature); Magico-religious (supernatural forces).

What skin assessment considerations are recommended for people of color?

Use natural light or bright artificial light; assess palms, feet, abdomen; conjunctiva and oral mucous membranes; use sclera to assess jaundice; note keloids and Mongolian spots.

What enzymatic variations are mentioned that affect metabolism and anesthesia considerations?

Lactase deficiency (common among African Americans); G6PD deficiency; Alcohol dehydrogenase deficiency (Native Americans and Asians).

Which diseases are more prevalent in certain ethnic groups according to the notes?

Diabetes more common in Indians and Hispanics; Sickle cell anemia and hypertension more common in African Americans.

What are the major religious groups described and key nursing considerations?

Catholicism, Protestantism, Judaism (Torah, Sabbath, kosher); Islam, Buddhism, Mormons, Jehovah’s Witness, Scientology, Christian Scientists; 16% with no religious affiliation.

How should nurses handle abortion-related care according to the notes?

Nurses may exempt themselves from assisting with abortion; can minister if the patient brings it up or seems open; ask if they are ready and aware of alternatives.

What are Kubler-Ross’ five stages of dying?

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance.

What is the purpose of a cultural assessment and social diversity focus in nursing care?

To ask how to make the patient’s stay better and address special populations (children, abused, elderly); consider mandated reporting and tailored approaches.