Influential Historical Women Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the lives, achievements, and historical dates of diverse influential women as described in the lecture notes.

Marie Curie

A groundbreaking scientist born in Poland in $1867$ who conducted research on radioactivity and discovered the elements radium and polonium.

Pierre Curie

The husband of Marie Curie with whom she conducted important experiments in France leading to major scientific discoveries.

Radium and Polonium

The two chemical elements discovered by Marie Curie as a result of her research on radioactivity.

Nobel Prize Record (Marie Curie)

The first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different sciences—physics and chemistry.

Rosa Parks

An American civil rights activist who, in $1955$, refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A major protest sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks that helped launch the modern civil rights movement and challenged racial segregation.

Amelia Earhart

A pioneering American aviator born in $1897$ who became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in $1932$.

Earhart's Disappearance

An event in $1937$ where Amelia Earhart disappeared while attempting to fly around the world, remains one of history’s greatest aviation mysteries.

Frida Kahlo

A Mexican artist born in $1907$ known for her self-portraits exploring identity, pain, and Mexican culture, often reflecting her physical struggles after a bus accident.

Malala Yousafzai

A Pakistani activist for girls’ education who survived a Taliban attack in $2012$ and became the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in $2014$.

Susan B. Anthony

A $19^{th}$-century American leader in the women’s rights movement who advocated for women's suffrage and equal rights.

19th Amendment

The amendment passed in $1920$ that granted women the right to vote in the United States, largely due to the efforts of activists like Susan B. Anthony.

Cleopatra VII

The last active ruler of ancient Egypt’s Ptolemaic Kingdom who became queen in $51\text{ BCE}$ and was known for her intelligence and political skill.

Cleopatra's Alliances

Political partnerships forged with Roman leaders Julius Caesar and Mark Antony to strengthen Egypt's power before the kingdom's defeat in $30\text{ BCE}$.

Eleanor Roosevelt

An American diplomat and former First Lady who advocated for civil rights and social causes during Franklin D. Roosevelt’s presidency.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

An international document Eleanor Roosevelt helped draft for the United Nations after her husband's presidency concluded.

Harriet Tubman

An American abolitionist born into slavery around $1822$ who led others to freedom via the Underground Railroad and served as a spy and nurse in the Civil War.

Underground Railroad

The escape network Harriet Tubman used to guide enslaved people to freedom while risking her own life multiple times.

Jane Goodall

A British primatologist who began studying chimpanzees in Tanzania in $1960$, discovering that they use tools and have complex social behaviors.