Cell Cycle

What are the two main parts of the cell cycle?

Interphase and mitosis (cytokinesis)

About how much % does Interphase take of a cell’s life?

90%

About how much % does Mitosis take of a cell’s life?

10%

What is a chromosome made of?

made of tightly coiled chromatin (DNA & Protein)

What is mitosis?

A type of cell division

How does your body repair itself?

Through cell division/mitosis

Mitosis & Meiosis make the same type of cells

False

What is the goal of Mitosis?

To Make Identical Body Cells

The goal of Mitosis is to make

2 Identical Body Cells

What is Cancer?

Uncontrolled cell growth/division

Inside the Nucleus is your

DNA

How many chromosomes do humans have?

46 chromosomes total

Where are the chromosomes located?

Inside of the Nucleus

What is plural for “Nucleus”?

Nuclei

In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Interphase

What is a Centromere?

Part of chromosome where sister chromatids are held together

What are Chromatids?

Strands of replicated chromosomes

What does the acronym “PMAT” stand for?

“P” for Prophase - “M” for Metaphase - “A” for Anaphase - T for Telophase

When DNA goes through the process of “condensing”, the DNA thickens and becomes visible

True

During metaphase, the DNA (chromosomes) line up where?

In the middle of the cell (M-Middle)

In Anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled

apart/away from the middle

What helps pull apart the chromosomes during Anaphase?

Spindle Fibers

In Telophase, 2 nuclei appear. The DNA in these nuclei are

Identical to eachother

What splits during cytokinesis?

Cytoplasm

What can Mitosis help us understand?

Cell Growth & Repair

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

To produce cells with the same number of chromosomes as well as ones that are genetically identical

What is a cell that’s a Haploid?

Essentially means that it has one copy of all of it’s DNA

What is a cell that’s a Diploid?

Essentially means that it has 2 COPIES of it’s DNA

How many chromosomes do human cells, like a liver cell have? 

46 chromosomes total, and 23 PAIRS of chromosomes

Which phase of the cell cycle contain G1, S, and G2?

Interphase

Which part of the cell cycle involves cell making copies of their DNA?

“S” Phase

Which phase of the cell cycle involves the cell growing, making copies of their organelles, and other normal cell activities?

G1 Phase

_____ is the DNA when it is loosened up, while _____ is the DNA when it is tightly packed (often in the X-shape in textbooks)

chromatin ; chromosome

What are the phases of Mitosis?

(IPMAT) “I” - Interphase ; “P” - Prophase ; “M” - Metaphase ; “A” - Anaphase - “T”- Telophase

What happens during Anaphase during the phases of Mitosis?

Spindle Fibers pull apart and separate the sister chromatids and move them to opposite sides of the cell

What happens during telophase of Mitosis?

Nuclei reforms around the chromosome

What happens during cytokinesis?

Cell divides into 2 cells

What do plant cells form during cytokinesis?

Cell Plate

What do Animal cells form during cytokinesis?

What does DNA replication result in?

Identical Chromosomes

Where does a cell spend most of it’s life in terms of the cell cycle?

Growth Phase 1 (G1)

What is made during Growth Phase 2 (G2)?

Organelles

How can Cancer develop?

If the cell cycle isn’t regulated

What IS the cell cycle?

a repeating series of events, including growth, DNA Synthesis and cell division

What are the phases of the Eukaryotic cell cycle?

G1,S,G2, & M

If a cell spends most of it’s life in Interphase, What happens during this phase?

The cell grows, functions, and prepares to divide

What is the “S” phase? What happens in this phase?

In the “S” phase, DNA is copied and is in the process of DNA replication

Which cells undergo cell division?

Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells

In which phase do most metabolic processes occur?

Growth Phase 1 (G1)

Which Cell Cycle checkpoint determines whether the DNA has been replicated correctly?

DNA Synthesis Checkpoint

What happens to the Nucleus during Mitosis?

The Nucleus divides

What is cell division in prokaryotic cells called?

Binary Fission

What is classified when you have an abnormal mass of cells?

Tumor

What does the G1 checkpoint look for?

DNA Damage

What does the G2 checkpoint look for?

Makes sure DNA is replicated before mitosis

What does the M checkpoint look for?

If chromosomes are lined up properly

What is the G 0 Phase?

Classified as a phase of repair/pause

What is Apoptosis?

“Programmed Cell Death”

How does Apoptosis occur?

Lysosomes may release Enzymes to destroy the cell