Embryology of GI system

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Last updated 1:44 AM on 4/14/26
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41 Terms

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"What determines embryologic gut division more reliably than location?"
Arterial blood supply
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"What artery supplies the foregut?"
Celiac trunk
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"What artery supplies the midgut?"
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
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"What artery supplies the hindgut?"
Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
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"What structure marks the foregut–midgut boundary?"
Major duodenal papilla
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"What GI organ has dual embryologic origin and dual blood supply?"
Duodenum
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"What rotation causes the left vagus nerve to become anterior?"
90° clockwise stomach rotation
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"LARP mnemonic stands for what?"

Left Anterior Right Posterior of the vagus nerve around the stomach

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"What forms the greater curvature of the stomach?"
Faster growth of dorsal border
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"Dorsal mesentery gives rise to what adult structure?"
Greater omentum
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"Ventral mesentery gives rise to what adult structure?"
Lesser omentum
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"What creates the lesser sac (omental bursa)?"
Rotation of stomach pulling dorsal mesogastrium left
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"What does nonbilious vomiting suggest about level of obstruction?"
Proximal to bile duct
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"Classic triad of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?"
Projectile nonbilious vomiting
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"What acid–base disturbance occurs in pyloric stenosis?"
Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
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"What causes duodenal atresia?"
Failure of recanalization
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"What imaging sign indicates duodenal atresia?"
"Double bubble sign"
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"Bilious vomiting indicates obstruction at what level?"
Distal to bile duct
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"What weeks does physiologic midgut herniation occur?"
Weeks 6–10
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"Total degrees and direction of midgut rotation?"
270° counterclockwise around SMA
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"What structure serves as axis of midgut rotation?"
Superior mesenteric artery
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"What is the last structure to return to abdomen during gut rotation?"
Cecum
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"Failure of midgut rotation can lead to what life-threatening condition?"
Midgut volvulus
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"Classic imaging sign of midgut volvulus?"
"Corkscrew sign"
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"Most common congenital GI anomaly?"
Meckel diverticulum
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"Rule of 2s applies to what anomaly?"
Meckel diverticulum
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"Typical presentation of symptomatic Meckel diverticulum in children?"
Painless lower GI bleeding
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"What embryologic structure fails to obliterate in Meckel diverticulum?"
Vitelline (omphalomesenteric) duct
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"What structure gives rise to liver and biliary system?"
Hepatic diverticulum
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"What embryologic tissue contributes Kupffer cells to liver?"
Septum transversum
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"Cause of biliary atresia?"
Progressive obliteration of bile ducts
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"What are the two pancreatic buds?"
Dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds
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"Dorsal pancreatic bud forms what structures?"
Body
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"Ventral pancreatic bud forms what structures?"
Uncinate process + inferior head
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"What causes annular pancreas?"
Failure of ventral bud rotation
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"Annular pancreas most commonly presents with what symptom?"
Bilious vomiting
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"What does 'secondarily retroperitoneal' mean?"
Organ lost its mesentery after fusion
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"Mnemonic for retroperitoneal organs?"
"SAD PUCKER"
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"Which part of duodenum remains intraperitoneal?"
Duodenal cap (first part)
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