AP Human Geography - Unit 2

Guest Worker

A person who temporarily migrates to work in another country

Pull Factors

Something that attracts people to a new location

Voluntary Migration

Movement by choice usually for opportunity

Internally Displaced Person

Someone forced to move within their own country

Refugee

Person forced to leave their country due to work, persecution, or disaster

Forced Migration

When people are made to move without a choice

Net-out Migration

When more people leave a country than more out

Transhumance

Seasonal movement of livestock between pastures.

Migrant

A person who moves from place to another to live or work

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

Set of ideas explaining migration patterns and tendencies

Chain Migration

Migration of people to a place because relatives or members of the same community moved there first.

Net-In Migration

When more people move into a country than leave it

Asylum

Protection granted to someone who has left their country to escape danger or persecution

Lee’s Model of Migration

A model explaining migration using “push” and “pull” factors and intervening obstacles

Quota

Limit set by government on how many immigrants can enter a country each year.

Brain Drain

The emigration of educated or skilled people form one country to another

Push Factor

Something that causes people to leave their home area

Zelinsky’s Migration Transition Model

Model linking migration patterns to stages of demographic transition (DTM)

Natural Increase Rate

Percentage growth of a population in a year.

Crude Birth Rat e

Total number of birth per 1000 people alive in a society

Demography

Scientific study of population characteristics

Demographic Transition Model

Model that demonstrates the stages of demographic transitions

Pandemic

Disease that occurs over wide geographic area and affects large populations

Life Expectancy

Average number of years a person is expected to live

Anti-Natal Policy

Government policy to reduce birth rate

Epidemiologic Transition

Distinct health threats in each stage of DTM.

Overpopulation

When a number of people in an area is over what the area can carry to support life at a decent standard of living.

Physiological Density

Number of people per unit of area of arable land suited for agriculture

Pro-Natal Policy

Government policy encouraging child birth

Zero Population Growth

Decline of total fertility rate to where Natural Increase Rate is equal to zero

Population Pyramid

A graph showing population distribution by age and sex.

Ecumene

Portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Carrying Capacity

Max population size an environment can sustain

Total Fertility Rate

Average number of children a woman will have in her lifetime

Agricultural Density

The ratio between number of farmers available to land suitable for agriculture

Arithmetic Density

Total number of people divided by total land area

Census

A complete enumeration (report) of a population

Infant Mortality Rate

Number of deaths of infants less than 1 years old per 1000 live births

Thomas Malthus

Economist who argued population grows faster than food supply.

Doubling Time

Time it takes for a population to double in size, given current natural increase rate