Fungi and Algae

Mycology

study of fungi

Fungi are _______ and they do not carry __________

Are Heterotrophs, carry Photosynthesis

Heterotrophs

An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.

How many types of Fungi are in the Environment?

Yeast and Molds

Yeast are

Unicellular fungi that are made up of single cells. They are also Eukaryotic.

Molds

They are Multicellular and filamentous fungi.

What are the filamentous structures of Molds called?

Hyphae

Hyphae

each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus.

The different types of Hyphae are

Septate Hyphae and Coenocytic Hyphae

Septate Hyphae are

Segmented by cross walls

Coenocytic Hyphae are

Not segmented by cross walls

Yeast reproduce by

budding (asexual)

Budding is a process where

Tiny cells grow out from a bigger cell. They separate and become the daughter cell.

When a Daughter cell fails on separating from budding there known as

Pseudohyphae

An example of a Pseudohyphae fungus is

Candida Albicans

Candida albicans

Normal flora of the intestinal tract

Some fungi are known as

Dimorphic

Dimorphic fungi

They grow Yeastlike at 37 C and moldlike at 25 C

Most Pathogenic Fungi are

dimorphic

Most fungi make

Asexual spores

They are different types of asexual spores

Arthrospores, Sporangiospores and Conidiospore

Arthrospores

develop by fragmentation of hyphae

An example of an Arthrospores is

Coccidiode immitis

Sporangiospores

Spores formed in a sac (sporangium)

An example of Sporangiospores is

Rhizopus

Conidiospore

a unicellular or multicellular spore that is not enclosed in a sac. They form chains.

An example of a Conidiospore is

Penicillium

fungi sexual reproduction steps

1. hyphae release sexual pheromones
2. plasmogamy: hyphae fuse together and cytoplasm unites
3. cells remain dikaryotic (may not fuse nuclei immediately)
4. karyogamy occurs and nuclei fuse, undergoing meiosis and creating spores (which form new mycelium)

Fungi sexual reproduction happens only when

Their is two strains of the fungus are in the same area and when the environment runs out of nutrients.

Fungi are separated into three sexual or asexual groups

Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota

Zygomycota

All fungi that belongs in this group make Asexual spores known as Sporangiospores and they make sexual spores known as zygospores.

All Zygomycota fungi have

Coenocytic Hyphae

An example of a Zygomycota is ____ .

Rhizopus

Ascomycota

Some molds and yeast belong in this groups. Molds that belong in this group have septate hyphae. They have asexual spores called Conidiospore
Yeast that belong in this group reproduce by budding yeast.
Yeast and Molds have sexual spores called Ascospores.

An example of a Ascomycota is

Penicillium

Basidiomycota

Mushrooms belong in this group. The fungi that belongs here make SEPTATE HYPHAE. They reproduce Asexually by fragmentation of Hyphae. The fungi belongs here reproduce SEXUAL by making Basidiospores.

Fungal diseases is also known as

Mycosis

Systemic Mycoses

fungal infection deep within the body

Examples of Systemic Mycoses

Coccidioidomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis

Cutaneous Mycosis

fungal infection of the skin, hair and nails

Examples of Cutaneous Mycosis

Athletes foot and Ring worm

The fungus that causes Cutaneous Mycosis is

Dermatophytes

Opportunistic mycoses

fungal disease caused by normal microbiota or environmental fungi

Example of Opportunistic mycoses

Candida albicans

Candida Albicans causes

thrush-candida

Amanita phalloides

poisonous mushroom known as the death angel.

Claviceps Purpurea

ergot poisoning. Causes Ergotism

Dinoflagellates

Known as a type of Algae. They are found in aquatic environments

Example of a Dinoflagellates

Alexandrium

Alexandrium is a dinoflagellate that can cause

paralytic shellfish poisoning

Diatoms are

unicellular algae with a unique two-part, glass-like wall of silicon dioxide

diatoms cell wall

silica