Archaea ecology

Crenarcheaota

thermoacidophiles

thermoacidophiles

low pH, sulfur dependent extreme thermophiles

Crenarcheaota

thermoacidophiles

thermoacidophiles

low pH, sulfur dependent extreme thermophiles

sulfolobus sp.

oxidize S0 under aerobic and reduce under anaerobic

thermoacidophile examples

desulfovibrio, pyrococcus, sulfolobus

Euryarchaeota

extreme halophiles and methanogens

Halobacterium

extreme halophiles with odd shapes, live in salty aerobic places and need high [salt] to survive and use enzymes

halobacterium anaerobic conditions

survive but don’t grow by producing purple membranes

purple membranes

bacteriorhodopsin linked to retinal carotenoid, forms patches where the proteins pumps out H+ to drive ATP synthesis but doesn’t grow or use ETC

methanogens

stric anaerobes that produce methane

methanobacterium

methanogen that uses CO2 and H2 to make CH4 waste, fed by fermenters acetate

thaumarchaeota

soil archaea that nitrify by converting NH4 into NO2

deep sea archaea

thaumarcheaota dominate between 200-2000M and do nitrification while bacteria dominate 0-150m

asguard archaea

worldwide, closest to archaea that formed eukaryota, have weird cell extensions

Nanoarchaeota

very very small archaea symbionts with tiny genomes, makes H2S from S0 and H2, have broad host range