Beviglia Alexander the Great Midterm

Who was Alexander's father?

Philip II

Who is Phillip II?

feared warrior king, most powerful in Greek World

Who is Alexander's mother?

Olympia

Who is Alexander's tutor?

Aristotle

What did Aristotle tell Alexander to do when he is king?

To be nothing like his father

What is Alexander's parents relationship?

Olympus and Phillip hated each other

What did Olympus tell Alexander about his "real" father?

Zeus came to her in a dream and they had Alexander

When his parents get divorced, what does Phillip do?

Exile her out of Macedonia

What was Alexander mesmerized by?

a jet black horse that can not be trained

How is the horse eventually changed?

Alexander grabs the horse and whispers in its ear, and it listens to Alexander

What is the horse's name?

Bucephelas

What was so special about Bucephelas?

He never lost a battle

What changes between Alexander and Phillip after the horse?

Phillip knew something changed in Alexander, he is stronger now

How does Phillip die?

He is assasinated at his daughter's wedding

How is Phillips death parallel to John F Kennedy's death?

The men were killed before they could be questioned

Theory 1 of Phillip's death and why

-Persian agents

-World was under Persian rule so Phillip sent troops to Persia to see how he could attack, wanted to kill him before he had the chance to attack

Theory 2 of Phillips Death and why

-Phillips Generals

-Made Alexander king so they wouldn't look suspicious and Alexander is young and easy to be manipulated

Theory 3 of Phillips Death and why

-Alexander + Olympus

-First thing he did was bring her back, Olympus hated Phillip and Alexander missed his mother, didn't even think Phillip was his real father

What is different about the way Alexander rules and the way Phillip rules?

Phillip wants to push the other empires aside, Alexander wants to set the world free of oppression, liberators not conquers

How was Alexander a unique general?

Personal relationships with his men, no mercenaries, lead from the front, tactical superiority, treatment of the enemy

Why did he have personal relationships with his men?

Grew up with them, they fought for his father

Tactical Superiority

could find weakness in the enemy

Treatment of the enemy

saw worth in the men he defeated, he was only entitled to the weaponry and armor, cares for their families

Granicus geography

334 B.C, river

Granicus special circumstances

Outnumbered 3 to 1, Darius was not at this battle, side of the army was in the river so they would not be surrounded

Issus geography

333 B.C, mountain pass

Issus special circumstances

Persian army was being funneled, Alexander controlled the amount of men fighting, higher ground/fighting downhill, outnumbered 10 to 1

Darius at Issus

brought his family, so confident they would win, becomes to panic-stricken he runs away and leaves family

Gaugamela geography

331 B.C, flat plane

Gaugamela special circumstances

Alexander takes army and compacts it, told his men to fight directly at Darius, create impact before he's surrounded

What does Darius think Alexander will do?

He thinks Alexander will attack at night and he didn't because thats what the Trojan war and wants no excuses

What did Alexander face in the final battle in India that he has never experienced before?

Battle Elephants

After he defeats the General Portus what does he do?

Brings him in, friends

What happens to Bucephelas?

He runs through enemy lines with Alexander on his back to save him and he dies.

Alexander on the Indus River

Cries, nothing left to conquer and lost his horse

Why was Alexander mad when Bessus killed Darius for him as a gift?

The are traitors and will probably do the same to him

Who does Alexander marry?

Roxane, a persian woman

Fusion of cultures

His men need to marry Persian women and he now uses Persian generals

What does "Benevolent philosopher king" mean?

He doesn't rule with military oppression/values culture, education, arts, freedom, etc

Hellenistic Empire

Greek

What is the capital of the New Empire?

Babylon which is not in Greece, Alexander never returns to Macedonia

When did Alexander die?

dies in 323 B.C, 33 years old

2 possible reasons of death

-Malaria in India

-Poised by his men

Who is next?

Alexander says "the strongest", people will be fighting for his spot resulting in a splintering

When does the Hellenistic Era start?

With the Death of Alexander in 323 B.C

What was the 1st new split large territory?

Mesopotamia (Babylon)

-Selecuid

What was the second?

Everything else in Egypt

-Attalid

What was the third?

Greece (Antigonid)

-Antigone

What was the fourth?

Egypt (Ptolemaic)

-Ptolemy

What is the significance of Ptolemy?

Involved in the poisonings and every Pharoah was named after him

What is the end of Hellenistic Era?

31 B.C with the death of Cleopatra

How did the Greek world become Roman world?

Octavian, Lepidus, and Antony struggle for power and Octavian wins, everything Alexander had Octavian got and it was eventually annexed by the Romans

What was Alexanders called when he entered into Europe?

"Amon Rah" or highest God

Why is this significant?

He knew Zeus was his father