CHEM 12 & 13

boiling point elevation

boiling point is higher than pure solvent

nonelectrolute

no ions; doesn’t conduct electricity when dissolved in H2O

colloid

contains particles that are larger than the particles of a solution; scatters light

osmosis

diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent

colligative properties

property determined by the number of particles present in a system but that is independent of the properties of the particles themselves

saturated

holds the max amount of solute at the given temperature

concentration

measures the amount of solution dissolved in a given amount of solvent

semi-permeable membrane

membrane that permits the passage of only certain molecules

concentrated solution

large amount of solute in a small amount of solvent

solubility

ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure; expressed in terms of the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent to produce a saturated solution

dilution

process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution, usually by adding more solvent without adding more solute

solute

in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent

diluted solution

small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent

solution

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase

electrolyte

breaks up into ions in the presence of H2O and conducts electricity

solvent

in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves

emulsion

a type of collodial dispersion formed by mixing two or more liquids that are normally immiscible

supersaturated

contains more than the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature (unstable)

freezing point depression

freezing point of solution is lower than pure solvent

suspension

a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed through a liquid of gas

immiscible

describes two or more liquids that do not mix with each other

tyndall effect

light scattering effect that makes the bean of light more visible

miscible

describes two or more liquids that can dissolve into each other in various proportions

unsaturated

amount of solute dissolved is less than the maximum at a given temperature

molarity

a concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution

molality

concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram solvent