NI

Architecture

The basic operational design of a computer system.

John Von Neumann

A pioneer in computer design credited with the architecture of most computers today.

CPU

Central Processing Unit; the main part of a computer that executes instructions.

Primary Memory

Memory that allows the computer to temporarily store and access data being processed.

RAM

temporary storage that is active only while the computer is turned on.

ROM

permanent memory that retains data even when the computer is powered off.

Minicomputer

A scaled-down version of a mainframe computer, increasingly powerful for use in various sectors.

Microcomputer

An inexpensive processing power computer for individual users, commonly known as personal computers (PCs).

Analog Computer

A type of computer that deals with continuously variable quantities.

Digital Computer

Computers that process distinct, separate or discrete quantities.

Hybrid Computer

A special-purpose machine that combines characteristics of both analog and digital computers.

Super Computers

The largest and most expensive computers that perform billions of instructions per second.

Input Devices

Devices used to enter information into a computer, e.g., keyboard, mouse, touch screen.

Output Devices

Devices used to view and hear processed data, e.g., monitors, printers, speakers.

Peripheral Devices

Devices that connect to a computer to expand its capabilities, including input, output, and storage devices.

Expansion Slots

Slots that allow for adding extra components to enhance system capabilities.

Bus

A communication pathway that transfers data between components within a computer.

Software

A set of instructions or programs that tell the hardware what to do.

System Software

Software that controls the working of the computer and overall system functionality.

Application Software

Software designed for end-users to perform specific tasks.

Data Hierarchy

The organization of data in increasing levels of detail from bits to terabytes.

Virus

A malicious program that replicates itself and spreads across computers.

ESD (Electrostatic Discharge)

A sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects.

Floppy Disk

A removable storage device with a small capacity, commonly 1.44MB for a 3.5-inch disk.

CD-ROM

Compact Disc-Read Only Memory; a disc used for storing data that cannot be altered once written.

DVD

Digital Video Disc; discs with large storage capacity often used for films and data-intensive applications.

Power Supply

Converts AC current from household outlets to the DC current required by the computer.

Networking Interface Card (NIC)

Allows a computer to connect to a network.

Hard Drive

The main storage device of a computer where operating systems and applications are stored.

Software Breakdown

A situation where a software program fails or encounters difficulties.

Nursing Practice

Uses computers for integrating patient care data and computerized health records.

Nursing Education

Leverages computers for online courses, digital libraries, and virtual classrooms.

Healthcare Software

Programs specifically designed to support healthcare applications, such as patient monitoring systems.

Intracranial Pressure Monitors

Devices connected to sensors used to measure pressure inside the brain.

Crash Cart

Emergency kits containing medical supplies and equipment for resuscitation.

Infusion Pumps

Devices that deliver fluids or medication through intravenous lines.