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VSEPR Theory
Predicts molecular shape based on electron repulsion.
Valence Shell Electrons
Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.
Electron Pair Repulsion
Electrons repel each other due to negative charge.
Bonding Pair
Electrons shared between atoms in a bond.
Lone Pair
Non-bonding electrons localized on an atom.
Repulsion Order
Lone pair-lone pair > lone pair-bond pair > bond pair-bond pair.
Trigonal Bipyramidal
Shape with five bonding pairs, 120° and 90° angles.
Pyramidal Shape
Shape with three bonding pairs and one lone pair.
Tetrahedral Shape
Shape with four bonding pairs and no lone pairs.
Bond Angles
Angles between adjacent bonds in a molecule.
Phosphorous(V) Chloride
PCl5, trigonal bipyramidal with no lone pairs.
N(CH3)3
Pyramidal shape with one lone pair on nitrogen.
CCl4
Tetrahedral shape with four bonding pairs.
Repulsion Forces
Forces that minimize electron pair repulsion.
Double Bond Repulsion
Repulsion treated similarly to single bond repulsion.
Stable Shape
Adopted shape to minimize repulsive forces.
Electron Charge Cloud
Region around an atom where electrons are likely found.
Group 5 Elements
Elements with five valence electrons, like phosphorus.
Group 4 Elements
Elements with four valence electrons, like carbon.
Group 7 Elements
Elements with seven valence electrons, like chlorine.
Bonding Electrons
Electrons involved in forming chemical bonds.
Charge Neutralization
Process of balancing positive and negative charges.
Molecular Adaptation
Molecules change shape to minimize repulsion.
Electron Pair Types
Different types of electron pairs affect shape.
