Eoc quiz #4

unrestricted submarine warfare

The Germans broke the Sussex Pledge by declaring unrestricted submarine warfare- all ships in the war zone will be sunk.

Homefront

What is happening at home when there is war.

Committee of Public Information

Run by George Creel, its goal was to convince Americans that the war was good and to have them do whatever the government needed them to do for the war.

War industries board

Coordinated the purchase of war supplies and told companies what to produce. Run by Bernard Baruch.

War bonds

Debt securities issued by a government to finance military operations and support the war effort.

Mobilization

The process of assembling and organizing resources and troops for military action, particularly in preparation for war.

Demobilization

The process of disbanding military forces and transitioning from a wartime economy to a peacetime economy.

Espionage Act (1917)

A United States federal law that made it a crime to interfere with military operations or support the enemy during World War I, including banning the spread of anti-war sentiments.

Sedition Act (1918)

A United States federal law that expanded the Espionage Act, making it a crime to speak out against the government or the war effort, effectively limiting free speech during World War I.

Schenck v. United States

A landmark Supreme Court case that upheld the Espionage Act, establishing the precedent that free speech could be limited during wartime if it posed a "clear and present danger."

Liberty cabbage, liberty burger

A term used during World War I to refer to sauerkraut, reflecting anti-German sentiment in the United States.

African Americans in WW1

A group that served in various capacities during World War I, contributing significantly to the military effort but facing racial segregation and discrimination both in service and at home.

Armistice

November 11,1918 ceasefire in WW1

Big four

The leaders of the four major Allied nations during World War I: the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy, who negotiated the terms of peace at the Treaty of Versailles.

Fourteen points

A statement of principles for peace to end World War I, outlined by President Woodrow Wilson. It emphasized self-determination, free trade, and the establishment of the League of Nations.

Treaty of Versailles

The formal peace treaty that ended World War I, signed on June 28, 1919, which imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany, and established the League of Nations.

League of Nations

An international organization created after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among countries, but ultimately failed to prevent future conflicts.

Washington Naval Conference

A meeting held in 1921-1922 where major world powers gathered to discuss naval disarmament and security in the Pacific, leading to significant treaties.

Tariffs

Taxes on goods imported from other countries. Tariffs were used to keep American businesses alive.

Fordney-McCumber Act

Raised tariffs to 38.5% for certain foreign goods

Kellogg-Briand Pact

You can not use war to accomplish what your country wants. Exception= you can use war in self-defense.

Women’s. international league for peace and freedom

An organization founded in 1915 that advocates for women's rights and promotes peace and disarmament internationally.

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

A law that established limits on immigration by setting quotas based on national origins, reducing immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe.

Communism

A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society and the communal ownership of production, often associated with Marxist theory.

Socialism

An economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and democratic control of resources. It aims to reduce income inequality and provide public services.

Anarchism

A political philosophy that advocates for a society without government or hierarchical authority, promoting self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions.

Capitalism

An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, where decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are primarily determined by free markets.

red scare

A period of intense fear and suspicion towards communism and radical leftist ideologies, particularly in the United States during the Cold War.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Two Italian immigrants and anarchists who were controversially convicted of murder in the 1920s, their trial and execution became symbols of anti-immigrant and anti-anarchist sentiments.

Palmer raids

A series of government actions conducted in the early 1920s aimed at capturing and deporting radical leftists, particularly anarchists and communists, in the United States.

KKK

An extremist group that promotes white supremacy, racial segregation, and anti-immigrant sentiments, known for its violent tactics and history of lynching, particularly in the Southern United States.

Rosewood Incident

A racially motivated massacre in Florida in 1923, where a white mob attacked the predominantly African American community of Rosewood, leading to destruction and loss of life.

Tea Pot Dome Scandal

A bribery scandal involving the leasing of federal oil reserves in the 1920s, particularly those at Teapot Dome, Wyoming, to private oil companies without competitive bidding.

Roaring 20’s

A period of economic prosperity, cultural change, and social upheaval in the United States during the 1920s, characterized by jazz music, flapper culture, and significant advancements in technology.

Jazz Age

The Jazz Age refers to the lively period in the 1920s marked by the popularity of jazz music, social and cultural dynamism, and a break from traditional norms.

Harlem Renaissance

A surge of African American cultural expression in the 1920s centered in Harlem, New York, encompassing literature, art, music, and social thought.

F. Scott Fitzgerald

A writer who wrote the Great Gatsby

The Great Migration

Influx of African Americans leaving the South coming to the North in search of jobs

Flappers

Emancipated women of the 20’s- drank, smoked and were sexually active

Black Tuesday

Stock Market Crash, October 29,1929, the beginning of the Great Depression

Installment plans

Pay in chunks. Make payments every week/ every month / every year

Buying on Margin

Borrowing from the bank to buy a stock

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

highest tariff; cut ability to trade by ½

Bull Market

Stock prices are steadily rising

Gross National product (GNP)

value of goods and services produced by the United States

Black Tuesday

Start of the Great Depression. The stock market crashed on. Tuesday, October 29,1929

Great Depression

1929-1939, a severe worldwide economic downturn that began with the stock market crash in the United States.

Dust Bowl

a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage in the 1930s.

Herbert Hoover

31st President of the US who served from 1929 to 1933. He faced criticism for his handling of the Great Depression.

Bonus Army/ Bonus Expeditionary Force

A group of World War I veterans who marched to Washington, D.C. in 1932 to demand early payment of bonuses promised to them, leading to confrontations with the government.

Batman Bill

A legislative proposal aimed at providing financial assistance to World War I veterans.

The Grapes of Wrath

A novel by John Steinbeck, published in 1939, that tells the story of a family's struggles during the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl.

Federal Reserve System

The central banking system of the United States, created in 1913, responsible for regulating monetary policy and providing financial stability.

Zora Neale Hurston

An influential African American author and anthropologist known for her work in the Harlem Renaissance, particularly for her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God.

Bank Holiday

FDR closed the banks to make them safe

Relief, Recovery, Reform

The three goals of the New Deal aimed at addressing the economic hardships of the Great Depression. Relief sought to provide immediate assistance, Recovery aimed for economic stabilization, and Reform focused on preventing future economic crises.

NAACP, National Advancement Association for Colored People

Fought for Civil Rights for African Americans. Filed lawsuits during the Civil Right’s Movement of the 1960’s

FDIC, Federal deposit insurance corporation

FDR’s New Deal- government insures deposits in banks

SEC, Securities and Exchange Commision

A U.S. government agency responsible for regulating the securities industry, enforcing federal securities laws, and protecting investors.

CCC, Civilian Conservation Corps

A New Deal program aimed at providing jobs for young men during the Great Depression, focusing on environmental conservation and public works projects.

AAA, Agricultural adjustment Act

A New Deal law designed to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses. It paid farmers to cut back on production and was aimed at stabilizing the farming economy.

TVA, Tennessee Valley Authority

A federally owned corporation created in 1933 to address the economic and environmental problems of the Tennessee Valley. It provides electricity, flood control, and development in the region.

NRA, National Recovery Administration

A New Deal agency that aimed to stimulate industrial recovery by regulating industry standards and promoting fair competition. It sought to provide fair wages, improve working conditions, and increase purchasing power.

PWA, Public Works Administration

A New Deal agency established in 1933 to create jobs through the construction of public works projects. It focused on improving infrastructure and boosting the economy during the Great Depression.

WPA, Works Progress Administration

A New Deal agency established in 1935 that aimed to create jobs for millions of unemployed Americans by funding public works projects and arts programs. It played a key role in providing relief during the Great Depression.

SSA, Social Security Administration

A government agency created in 1935 to administer social insurance programs, including retirement, disability, and unemployment benefits, aimed at providing financial support to individuals in need.

NLRA, National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)

A 1935 law that established the right of workers to organize, join unions, and engage in collective bargaining, aiming to protect labor rights and improve working conditions.