Newton's Laws of Motion

Flashcards covering Newton's Three Laws of Motion: Inertia, Acceleration, and Interaction, based on the provided lecture notes.

What was the belief of Aristotle regarding the motion of a body?

Aristotle believed that a continuous application of force on a body is required to produce and maintain its motion, and that in the absence of an external force, a moving body will stop.

According to Galileo Galilei, how does the inclination of a plane affect a rolling ball?

The smaller the inclination of the plane in relation to the horizontal, the farther the ball will have to roll to reach the same height.

What did Galileo Galilei conclude about motion on a horizontal frictionless surface?

He concluded that a moving body along a horizontal frictionless surface does not require a continuous application of force to maintain its uniform velocity.

How did Isaac Newton arrive at the Law of Inertia?

He was interested in experimental science, restated the ideas of Galileo Galilei, and developed the Law of Inertia.

What is the definition of Inertia?

Inertia is a property of a body to resist changes in its motion.

What is the First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)?

An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion at constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

What is the definition of acceleration?

Acceleration is the rate at which velocity of a body changes with time.

What is the value of the acceleration due to gravity $g$ on the earth's surface?

$$g = 9.8\,m/s^2$$

How is uniform circular motion described in the context of the Second Law of Motion?

Because of the net force from a string, an object accelerates inwards instead of going straight, covering a circular path.

What is the Second Law of Motion (Law of Acceleration)?

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and is inversely proportional to its mass.

What happens to acceleration as the mass of an object increases with the same amount of force applied?

As mass increases, acceleration decreases.

In a distance vs. time graph, what does it mean if the object is not moving?

The object has $0$ acceleration.

In a distance vs. time graph, what does it mean if the object is moving at a constant speed?

The object has $0$ acceleration.

In a distance vs. time graph, what does it mean if the graph curve indicates the object is speeding up?

The object has a positive acceleration.

In a distance vs. time graph, what does it mean if the graph curve indicates the object is slowing down?

The object has a negative acceleration.

What is the formula for the Law of Acceleration?

$$F = ma$$

How fast will an $800.0\,kg$ car accelerate if it is pushed with $4000.0\,N$ of force?

$$a = \frac{4000.0\,kgm/s^2}{800.0\,kg} = 5.000\,m/s^2$$

What is the amount of force applied to an object with a mass of $2.0\,kg$ accelerating at $2.0\,m/s^2$?

$$F = (2.0\,kg) \times (2.0\,m/s^2) = 4.0\,kgm/s^2$$

What is the Third Law of Motion (Law of Interaction)?

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

What is the mathematical representation of the Law of Interaction?

$$F_1 = -F_2$$

What is the key difference between balanced forces and action-reaction forces?

Balanced forces act upon the same object, while action-reaction forces act on different objects.