Improvement in Food Resources

Production efficiency

Enhancing the efficiency of producing crops and livestock to meet food demands without damaging the environment.

Sustainable Practices

Methods in agriculture and animal husbandry that maintain ecological balance and avoid environmental degradation.

Kharif crops

Crops grown during the monsoon season, such as paddy, soya-bean, maize, and cotton.

Rabi crops

Crops cultivated in the winter season, including wheat, grams, peas, and barley.

Photoperiod

The duration of daily light exposure that affects plant growth; classified into long day, short day, and day neutral plants.

Disease resistance

The ability of a crop variety to withstand diseases.

Biotic and abiotic resistance

The capability of crops to resist biological stressors like pests and diseases (biotic) and environmental stresses such as drought and salinity (abiotic).

Higher yield

Producing more crops per acre to improve productivity.

Nutrient management

The practice of supplying essential nutrients for optimal plant growth and development.

Composting

The aerobic decomposition of organic matter, like farm waste, to create nutrient-rich compost.

Vermicomposting

The process of using earthworms to speed up the decomposition of organic materials for a nutrient-rich fertilizer.

Green manure

Leguminous plants tilled into the soil to enhance nitrogen and phosphorous content.

Eutrophication

A process where nutrient overload in water bodies causes excessive growth of algae, reducing oxygen levels.

Organic farming

A farming system that minimizes chemical use and promotes organic inputs like manure and bio-agents.

Macro-nutrients

Elements needed in large quantities for plant growth, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

Micro-nutrients

Elements required in small amounts for plant health, such as manganese, zinc, and copper.

Delayed flowering

A condition in plants caused by nutrient deficiencies, leading to late blooming.

Stunted plant growth

Reduced growth size in plants often due to nutrient deficiencies.

Crop variety improvement

Enhancements made to crop varieties to increase yield, disease resistance, and quality.

Irrigation sources

Various methods of water supply for crops, including wells, canals, and rainwater harvesting.