energy resources

Energy resources

are sources from which we obtain energy to perform work, produce goods, and sustain human activities.

2 Types of Energy Resources

Renewable Energy Resources

Non-Renewable Energy Resources

Renewable Energy Resources

can be replenished naturally in a short period of time

Non-Renewable Energy Resources

Exist in limited amounts and take millions of years to form; cannot be replenished quickly

Wind energy

from moving air, used to turn wind turbines.

Hyropower

from moving water; used in dams to generate electricity.

Solar energg

from sunlight, used for electricity via solar panels.

Biomass

from plant and animal matter; can be burned or converted to biofuels

Geothermal Energy

from heat within the Earth; used for power generation and heating.

Disadvantages of Renewable Energy Resources

Weather-dependent, location-specific.

Advantages of Renewable Energy Sources

Sustainable, less pollution

Examples of Renewable Energy sources

Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Hydropower, Biomass, Geothermal Energy

Examples of Non-renewable energy sources

Coal, oil(petroleum), natural gas, nuclear energy

Nuclear Energy

from uranium or thorium through fission.

Natural gas

gaseous fossil fuel, mostly methane

Oil(petroleum)

liquid fossil fuel from marine organisms.

Coal

solid fossil fuel from ancient plant matter.

Advantages of Non-renewable energy sources

Higher energy output, widely used

Disadvantages of Non-renewable energy sources

Pollution, greenhouse gases

Prehistoric Life

Called "fossil" fuels because they come from

Fossil fuels

Heat and pressure transformed these remains into coal, oil, and natural gas.

Fossil fuels

are non-renewable energy resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals buried millions of years ago.

Main Types of Fossil Fuels

Coal, oil(petroleum), natural gas

Hydroelectrical Energy

It is a renewable energy resource because water naturally cycles through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

Hydroelectric Energy

Energy generated by moving water, usually by capturing the energy of falling or flowing water to produce electricity.

Coal

Solid fossil fuel

Formed mainly from ancient plants in swampy areas.

Burned to produce heat and electricity.

Oil(petroleum)

Liquid fossil fuel.

Formed from marine organisms.

Refined into gasoline, diesel, and other fuel

Natural gas

Mostly methane gas.

Often found with oil deposits.

Used for cooking, heating, and electricity generation.

Water

Hydro means

Electricity

Electro means

Give reasons how hydroelectic energy works

Water source, water flows, turbine movement, electricity generation, transmission

Transmission

Electricity is sent through power lines to homes, schools, and industries.

Electricity generations

Turbines turn generators, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy

Turbine movement

Flowing water spins large turbines.

Water source

A dam is built across a river to store water in a reservoir.

Importance of Water Resources

Essential for life

Powers energy production

Supports ecosystems and biodiversity

Facilitates economic activities like farming, industry, and tourism.

Water flows

When released, water flows through tunnels or penstocks.

Geothermal energy

It is a renewable energy resource because the Earth continuously produces heat

Geothermal energy

This heat is produced by the slow decay of radioactive elements and the Earth's original formation.

Geothermal energy

Energy that comes from the natural heat stored inside the Earth.

How geothermal energy works?

Heat source, hot water/steam reservoirs, turbines and generators, reinjection

Heat source

Magma beneath the Earth's crust heats underground water.

Hot water/ steam reservoirs

The heated water rises naturally or is pumped to the surface.

Turbine and generators

The stear drives turbines, which turn generators to produce electricity

Reinjection

Cooled water is injected back underground to be reheated

Types of Water Resources

Surface water, groundwater, glaciers and ice caps, rainwater, ocean and seas

Water resources

are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to humans for drinking, farming, industry, recreation, and supporting ecosystems

Examples of surface waters

1. Rivers

2. Lakes

3. Streams

4. Reservoirs

Surface water

Found on the Earth's surface.

Main uses of surface waters

drinking water, irrigation, hydroelectric power, transportation

Oceans and seas

Make up 97% of Earth's water, but salty.

Useful for fishing, transport, recreation, and desalination.

Rainwater

Collected and stored for use in areas with limited freshwater sources

Glaciers and ice caps

Found in polar regions (Antarctica, Greenland) and high mountains.

Glaciers and ice caps

Store about 69% of Earth's fresh water.

Groundwater

Water stored underground in soil or rock layers (aquifers).

Extracted using wells and pumps

Main use of groundwaters

drinking, irrigation, industrial use.

Threats to Water Resources

Pollution

Overuse

Climate Change

Deforestation

Pollution

Industrial waste, sewage, agricultural runoff.

Overuse

Excessive withdrawal for farming or industry.

Climate change

Alters rainfall patterns, increases drought risk.

Deforestation

Reduces water retention in soil.