MAB Chapter 1.1-1.2 quiz review 24-25

Gene cloning

the production of multiple identical copies of a gene-carrying piece of DNA

Human Genome Project

An international collaborative effort to map and sequence the DNA of the entire human genome.

CRISPR-Cas

a technique that inactivates or alters the production of proteins by editing genetic sequences into DNA

biotechnology

The manipulation of living organisms or their components to produce useful products.

Recombinant DNA

DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources

Historical biotechnology

using microorganisms to make bread, beer, penicillin; selective breeding of livestock and crops

Gene therapy

The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder

bioinformatics

application of mathematics and computer science to store, retrieve, and analyze biological data

10. Recombinant proteins

Proteins that can result from the expression of recombinant DNA within living cells

11. antibiotics

substances produced by living organisms that have antimicrobial effects

12. genetic engineering

the artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules to modify an organism

13. Medical Biotechnology

application of biotechnology tools for producing medical products that can be used for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disease

14. Stem Cells

undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can differentiate into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same cell

15. Animal Biotechnology

molecular biology techniques are used to genetically engineer (i.e. modify the genome of) animals in order to improve their suitability for pharmaceutical, agricultural or industrial applications.

16. Forensic Biotechnology

application of genetics, cell and molecular biology, and chemistry to link a person(s), whether suspect or victim, to a place, an object(s), or another person. Such linkages can be used to further investigations for both criminal and civil cases.

17. Aquatic Biotechnology

application of science and engineering for the direct or indirect use of marine organisms or parts or products of living marine organisms in their natural or modified forms

. Bioremediation

the use of either naturally occurring or deliberately introduced microorganisms or other forms of life to consume and break down environmental pollutants, in order to clean up a polluted site.

Agricultural Biotechnology

range of tools, including traditional breeding techniques, that alter living organisms, or parts of organisms, to make or modify products; improve plants or animals;

20. Gene editing

DNA is inserted, deleted, modified or replaced in the genome of a living organism

21.Microbial Biotechnology

methods and strategies for the production and use of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms (e.g. yeasts, fungi, algae) and archaea for substance synthesis and the use of the microorganisms or their substances in applications in the industry and pharmaceuticals

22. DNA Fingerprinting

a laboratory technique used to determine the probable identity of a person based on the nucleotide sequences of certain regions of human DNA that are unique to individuals. D

23. Gene Knockout

involves the targeted removal or inactivation of a specific gene within an organism's genome which

allow researchers to study the function of a specific gene in vivo,

24. Transgenic animal

an organism or cell whose genome has been altered by the introduction of one or more foreign DNA sequences

Enzymes

proteins that act as biological catalysts

amylase

enzyme that breaks down starch

Cellulase

an enzyme that weakens plant cell walls by degrading cellulose (polysaccharides) and cleaves indigo dye

Accuracy

A description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured.

Precision

a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another

Golden Rice contains added genes to make

Vitamin A (beta carotene)

casper fish

mated fish that lacked black pigment with one that lacks reflective pigment

Karyotype

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.

gene map

diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome

Penicillin discovery

-discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928, discovered when mold juice killed a bacteria named penicillum notatum, and named the mold juice penicillin