Introduction to Cells with the Amoeba Sisters

These flashcards cover fundamental concepts surrounding plant and animal cells, including cell structure, organelles, and the differences between cell types.

Cell Theory

A scientific theory stating that all living organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the simplest unit of life, and all cells come from other cells.

Prokaryotes

Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, such as bacteria.

Eukaryotes

Organisms that can be single-celled or multicellular and have complex internal structures, including a true nucleus.

Organelle

A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function.

Cytoplasm

The fluid substance in a cell where chemical reactions occur.

Cell Membrane

A semipermeable barrier that surrounds the cell, providing support and controlling the movement of materials in and out.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell, responsible for directing all cell activities and containing chromosomes with genetic information.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the power plants of the cell that produce energy.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A network of branching tubes attached to the nucleus that serves as a passageway for materials and is the site of protein synthesis.

Golgi Bodies

Organelles that collect, process, and modify materials for removal or use within the cell.

Vacuoles

Storage organelles that may hold food, remove waste, or maintain fluid pressure; animal cells have many small vacuoles, while plant cells have one or two large vacuoles.

Cell Wall

A rigid structure that protects and supports plant cells, not found in animal cells.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells that contain chlorophyll and are used in photosynthesis.

Differences between Plant and Animal Cells

Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and one large vacuole; animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts and have many small vacuoles.