International relations conflict and co-operation 1918-39

Paris peace conference

1919 to make peace after WW1

Wilson outlined his 14 points

ToV was signed

Give some of wilsons 14 points outlined aat the PPC

All countries work towards disarmament

League of nations set up

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

1919

What 5 things were agreed for Germany at the Paris Peace conference?

1. War guilt

2. Reparations

3. Land (incl. ban of anchluss)

4. Army restricted, demilitarisation of Rhineland

5. Set up of League of Nations (one of 14 points)

How much reparations were germany made to pay in ToV?

£6.6 billion

What other treaties were signed in Paris Peace conference?

1. Treaty of St Germain

2. Treaty of Neuilly

3. Treaty of Trianon

4. Treaty of Sevres

When was the League of Nations set up and why?

1920

Following 14 points discussed at PPC

Acts as an international police force to encourage international relations to solve conflicts peacefully

Give 3 aims of LoN

1. Avoid future war

2. Cooperation between nations

3. Improve living and working conditions

Who were the 4 permanent members of the LoN?

Britain

France

Italy

Japan

Give 2 examples of the league's success

Refugee committee returned 40,000 displaced people

Successful campaigns against slavery- Freed over 200,000 slaves in Sierra Leone

Give 2 examples of the League's failure

Manchuria crisis 1931

Abyssinia crisis 1935-6

when was the abyssinia crisis?

1935-6

abyssinia crisis

- Italy invaded Abyssinia to expand its empire.

- Abyssinia appealed to the League of Nations for help.

- The League condemned Italy's invasion and imposed economic sanctions.

- However, these measures were weak and did not include vital resources like oil.

- As a result, the sanctions were ineffective and Italy continued its invasion.

When and what was the Dawes Plan?

1924

USA offers to give Germany loans to pay back their reparations

When and what was the Locarno treaties?

1925

Germany was able to join league of nations

When and what was the Kellogg-briand pact?

1928

65 countries agreed to not use violence to settle disputes

When and what was the Young Plan?

1929

Reduced Germany's reparations from £6.6 billion to £2 billion with 59 years to pay

When and why was there a great depression?

1929

Wall Street Crash, USA

Impacts of Wall street crash

Volume of trade fell by 70%

USA, britain, france introduced tariffs in 1930s

Impacts of Great Depression

Mass unemployment and poverty

Brought extremists to power in Germany

Japan invaded manchuria

When was the manchuria crisis?

1931

manchuria crisis

- Japanese industries were ruined by The Great Depression.

- Japan attempted to expand its territories in 1931 by sending troops into areas of Chinese Manchuria.

- This was a strong economic area with fertile land (good for farming).

- Despite this aggression, the League of Nations didn't get involved.

When did the first disarmament conference take place and when did they stop?

1932-1934

When and why did Hitler walk out of the disarmament conference?

1933

In outrage that people didn't disarm like he had been forced to

He could now rearm without restrictions

When did Hitler start publicly rearming?

1935

When was the abyssinia crisis?

1935

What were Hitler's 3 key beliefs

1. Destroying communism

2. Militarism

3. Racial theory and Lebensraum (living space)

Remilitarisation of the rhineland

1936

rhineland- land between france + germany, demilitarised in PPC

France and britain were too concerned with abyssinia crisis

Condemned hitlers actions and nothing more

Spanish civil war

1936

Germany supported nationalists

France+ britain didn't get involved- so hitler assumed this would be the case for a war of their own

Chamberlain saw destruction so wanted to prevent war at all costs --> appeasement

anti-comintern pact

1936

Japan, Italy and germany

pledging opposition to communism

Grouping of countries=axis alliance

Anchluss

march 1938

union of germany + austria, specifically forbidden in treaty of St Germain

Munich agreement

September 1938

Hitler gets Sudetenland

Example of appeasement

When did appeasement end?

March 1939

Hitler invades the rest of Czechoslovakia, after claiming that the sudetenland was the end of his expansionist ambitions

Nazi-soviet pact

august 1939

Stalin made agreement with Hitler not to invade eachother

Hitler could now invade Poland safely

When did WW2 break out?

1 september 1939 Hitler invades poland

3 september 1939 Britain and France, honouring their promise to poland, declared war