Primary Health Care (PHC) in the Philippines

Primary Health Care (PHC)

_______ is an essential health care made universally acceptable to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford at every stage of development.

Primary Health Care

●The WHO defines ____________: an essential health care made universally acceptable to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country and afford at every stage of development.

Declaration of Alma-Ata, September 6-12 1978

●The _______ was adopted at the International Conference on Primary Health Care (PHC), Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), Kazakhstan (formerly Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic), _____________

self-reliance, self-determination

An essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally, accessible to individuals and families in the community by means of acceptable to them, through their full participation and at a cost that community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of _______ and _________.

health education

treatment of locally endemic diseases

expanded program on immunization

maternal and child health

provision of essential drugs

nutrition

treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases

safe water and good waste disposal

Eight Essential Elements Based on The Alma Ata On PHC (8)

better health for all

The ultimate goal of primary health care is __________

universal coverage reforms

service delivery/reforms

public policy reforms

leadership reforms

Increasing STAKEHOLDER participation

Five Key Elements to Achieve the Goal (5)

May 1977

•The 30th World Health Assembly adopted resolution which decided that the main social target of governments and of WHO should be the attainment by all the people of the world by the year 2000 a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life.

•September 6-12, 1978

•International Conference in PHC was held in this year at Alma Ata, USSR (Russia)

•October 19, 1979

•The President of the Philippines (Ferdinand Marcos) issued Letter of Instruction (LOI) 949 which mandated the then Ministry of Health to adopt PHC as an approach towards design, development, and implementation of programs which focus health development at the community level.

Barangay Health Worker/Village Health Worker, Intermediate level Primary Health Worker

two types of primary health care workers in the Philippines (2)

Active Community Participation

Intra and Inter-sectoral linkages

Support mechanism made available

Use of appropriate technology

Four pillars of PHC (4)

Accessibility

Availability

Affordability & Acceptability

Appropriateness

4 A's (4)

4A's

The health services should be present where the supposed recipients are. They should make use of the available resources within the community, wherein the focus would be more on health promotion and prevention of illness.

Barriers of Community Involvement

(Community participation)

1.Lack of motivation

2.Attitude

3.Resistance to change

4.Dependence on the part of community people

5.Lack of managerial skills

PRIMARY LEVEL OF CARE

SECONDARY LEVEL OF CARE

TERTIARY LEVEL OF CARE

LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE AND REFERRAL SYSTEM (3)

PRIMARY LEVEL OF CARE

devolved to cities and municipalities

PRIMARY LEVEL OF CARE

Provided by center physicians, Public Health Nurses, Rural Health Midwives, BHW, Traditional Healers

PRIMARY LEVEL OF CARE

First contact between the community members and other levels of health facility

SECONDARY LEVEL OF CARE

care given by physicians with basic health training

SECONDARY LEVEL OF CARE

Given in health facilities wither privately owned or government operated - district hospitals or out-patient department of provincial hospitals

SECONDARY LEVEL OF CARE

Referral center for primary health facilities

SECONDARY LEVEL OF CARE

Capable of performing minor surgeries and perform simple laboratory examinations

TERTIARY LEVEL OF CARE

Rendered by specialists in health facilities including medical centers, regional and provincial hospital, and specialized hospitals e.g. Philippine Heart Center

TERTIARY LEVEL OF CARE

Referral center for the secondary care facilities.

TERTIARY LEVEL OF CARE

Complicated cases and intensive care requires tertiary care

Tertiary

•National Health Services, Medical Centers, Teaching and Training Hospitals

Tertiary

•Regional Health Services, Regional Medical Centers & Training Hospitals

secondary

•Provincial / City Health Services , Provincial / City Hospitals

secondary

•Emergency / District Hospitals

primary

•Rural Health Unit Community Hospitals and Health Centers, Private Practitioners

primary

•Barangay Health Stations